专题一 第5节 第2讲[精选].docx

第2讲　被动语态被动语态的构成英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种语态形式被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成be随着主语的人称、数和时态的不同而变化被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：时体现在过去将来过去将来一般am/is/are donewas/were donewill/shall/be going to/be to be donewould/should be done进行am/is/are being donewas/were being done//完成have/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been donewould/should have been done完成进行////高频考点梳理1.只有及物动词或短语才有被动语态；不及物动词或短语无被动语态Many stars appear in the sky at night.晚上天空会出现很多星星Great changes have taken place in my hometown since reform and opening-up.改革开放以来，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

2.被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态；除be之外被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词Her car got stolen at the weekend.她的车在周末被人偷了Tigers become endangered.老虎濒临灭绝3.在使役动词have，make，get以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等与后面的不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式中的to要省略，但变为被动结构时，不能省toThe boss makes them work twelve hours every day.→They are made to work twelve hours every day.老板让他们每天工作十二个小时4.主动形式表示被动含义：(1)某些连系动词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等可用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物The water feels warm.水摸上去很温The dish smells good.这道菜闻起来很香。

2)表示主语的某种属性、特性、性能或品质的词：read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，lock，look，shut等The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗The book sells quickly.这书销售得快Cheese cuts easily.奶酪很好切3)某些动词及动词短语，如happen，take place，occur，break out，come out，come true，run out，give out，turn out等The story happened in the 1990s.故事发生在20世纪90年代4)在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语，这时应用主动形式表示被动含义适合于此结构的形容词比较多，最常用的有hard，dangerous，difficult，easy，important，nice，pleasant等That question is difficult to answer.那个问题不容易回答Chicken’s legs are nice to eat.鸡腿很好吃。

5)表示“需要”的need，want，require以及be worth后的动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动含义The shoes need washing.鞋子需要洗了The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读高考题组1.The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months.(2019江苏，22)A.gives B.has givenC.have given D.give答案　B解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致句意为：这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了10场表演根据后面的时间状语in the last three months可知，谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时；along with连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致，故选B项2.A few months after he had arrived in China，Mr Smith ________ in love with the people and culture there.(2019江苏，29)A.would fall B.had fallenC.has fallen D.fell答案　D解析　考查时态。

句意为：史密斯先生到中国几个月后，就爱上了那里的人民和文化这里描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时3.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.(2019江苏，33)A.will install B.will have been installedC.are installed D.have been installed答案　B解析　考查动词的时态和语态根据后面的时间状语by 2022可知，空处应用将来完成时动词install和5G terminals之间是被动关系，故空处应用将来完成时的被动语态4.I ________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn’t manage it.(2019天津，2)A.had hoped B.am hopingC.have hoped D.would hope答案　A解析　考查动词的时态。

句意为：我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚，但是没能做到从“but I couldn’t manage it”可知，是本希望做却没做成，用had hoped表示“原本想做……”5.Amy，as well as her brothers，________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(2019天津，8)A.is given B.are givenC.was given D.were given答案　C解析　考查时态和主谓一致句意为：上周埃米和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎根据时间状语“last week”可知，应用一般过去时；as well as连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语一致，即与“Amy”一致，故此处应用单数形式6.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ in the past two years.(2018江苏，30)A.had been carried outB.would be carried outC.is being carried outD.has been carried out答案　A解析　句意为：上个月我被派到那个村子里去看了看在过去的两年里这个发展计划实施得怎么样了。

根据in the past two years可知应用完成时，先排除B、C两项；再根据carry out发生在was sent之前可知，应用过去完成时的被动语态，故选A7.Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.(2018北京，4)A.is working B.was workingC.has worked D.had worked答案　B解析　when引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，由此可将A、C两项排除(它们是现在时态)本题应该选B项，表示去年“我”去看望她时她正在进行的动作句意为：去年我去看望苏珊的时候，她已经辞去了高薪工作，正在社区做志愿者8.My washing machine ________ this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018天津，13)A.was repaired B.is repairedC.is being repaired D.has been repaired答案　C解析　句意为：我的洗衣机本周正在被修理，因此我只好用手洗我的衣服。

根据后面的“我只好用手洗衣服”可知洗衣机正在被修理，需用现在进行时的被动语态9.He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he________.(2017江苏，27)A.was being followed B.was followingC.had been followed D.followed答案　A解析　句意为：他匆忙回家了，一次也不曾回头看看有没有人在跟踪他这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态综合可知选A项10.I________ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2017天津，8)A.was driving B.have drivenC.would drive D.drove答案　A解析　句意为：我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现我走错路了be doing...when...是固定句式，表示“正在做……这时……”。

11.—________ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?—Yes.They are happy with it.(2017北京，24)A.Did you call B.Have you calledC.Will you call D.Were you calling答案　A解析　句意为：——昨天你给那家公司打询问他们对我们的产品印象如何了吗？——打过了，他们对我们的产品很满意由yesterday(昨天)可知，句子用一般过去时D项是过去进行时，与语境不符12.In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone。