六年级英语下册 课外拓展Unit9 现在完成时课件 人教新课标版.ppt

现在完成时怎样使用呢？现在完成时怎样使用呢？请看一下情景请看一下情景1.A man sitting next to you on a flight seems very nervous but feels very excited. You can ask: Have you ever taken a flight before?(take a flight)John goes out. Five minutes later, the phone ringand the caller says “Can I speak to John?” You say: “I am afraid he has just gone out.(go out)You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: Wait a minute! ___________________.(not/finish) 1.现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

造成的影响或结果汉语中常用汉语中常用“已经已经”、、“过过”、、“了了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，，already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用我们用一等状语连用我们用一幅图来表达会更容易理幅图来表达会更容易理2.例如：例如： ①① I have never heard of that before. ②② Have you ever ridden a horse? ③③ She has already finished the work. ④④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. ⑤⑤ I’ve just lost my math book. 助动词助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词注：注：has 用于第三人称单数，用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有用于其他所有人称规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，不规则变化则须单独记忆。

不规则变化则须单独记忆2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的也许还会持续下去的动作或状态可以和表示延续的时间状语连用动作或状态可以和表示延续的时间状语连用 如如for、、since 等引等引导的时间状语导的时间状语注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词））一段时间的表达方法有两种一段时间的表达方法有两种:for: +一段时间一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years 过去的某一时刻过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week.对划线部分提问都用对划线部分提问都用How longSince（（3）） have been (to)和和have gone (to)的区别：的区别： ★★have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾经到过某地曾经到过某地”，说，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。

侧重指经历话时此人不在那里，已经回来侧重指经历★★have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已经去某地了已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里 试比较：试比较： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京他曾去过北京 （人已回来，可能在这儿）（人已回来，可能在这儿） He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了他已经去北京了 （人已走，不在这儿）人已走，不在这儿）一般过去时与现在完成时之比较一般过去时与现在完成时之比较•1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调去的事情，强调动作动作，和现在不发生关系而现在完成，和现在不发生关系而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是强调的是现在的现在的情况情况• 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语•◎◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，，…ago, in1980, in October, just now,等具体的时间状等具体的时间状语•◎◎ 共同的时间状语有：共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already,等　•◎◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不确定的时间状语等不确定的时间状语请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：• I saw this film yesterday. •（只说明动作发生在过去只说明动作发生在过去• I have seen this film. •（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了　（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了　 • She has returned from Paris.　　•（她已从巴黎回来了。

她已从巴黎回来了• She returned yesterday. •（她是昨天回来的她是昨天回来的• He has been in the League for three years. • (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)• He joined the League three years ago.　　• ( 三年前入团，三年前入团，joined为短暂行为为短暂行为)•注意：注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时例如：）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时例如：•（错）（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.•（对）（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.  瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用如可说示一段时间的状语连用。

如可说“He has left.”但不但不能说能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达如果要表达“他他已走了三年了已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：可用以下几种表达法：一、用一、用ago,使用一般过去时使用一般过去时 He left here three years ago.二、用二、用“It is +一段时间＋一段时间＋since ＋一般过去时从句＋一般过去时从句 ” It is three years since he left here.三、用三、用“ 一段时间＋一段时间＋have/ has passed + since + 一一般过去时从句般过去时从句”Three years have passed since he left here.以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词 另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的瞬间动词具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。

短语等1.直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch (get) a cold borrow e/go /bee have have a coldkeepbe2.转换成转换成be+名词名词 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a student3转换成转换成be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 die finish begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe overbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.转换成转换成 be+介词短语介词短语 go to school join the army①①.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.②②他感冒三天了他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句be in schoolbe in the army③③自从上星期以来自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书. I have kept the book since last week.④④我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了. I have been a student for over two years. I borrowed the book last week.I became a student two years ago.⑤⑤ Mr Black死了三年了。

死了三年了Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.⑥⑥小明参军半年了小明参军半年了Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.⑦⑦我们上了我们上了8年学了We have been students for eight years.⑧⑧下课下课10分钟了分钟了 The class has been over for ten minutes.9.电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了 The film has been on for an hour.一看时间状语一看时间状语如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时如：去时如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词。

二看句首有无疑问词如果笼统地问人家做过某事如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时现在完成时；但进一；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时一般过去时如：－－Have you had your breakfast? －－Yes, I have.－－When did you have it? －－At seven thirty.三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词如果表示的动作或如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时如：完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.注意：注意： 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。

否则就需要这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的否则就需要具体情况具体分析如：具体情况具体分析如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?( )1.You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______? A. haven’t you B. have you C. do you D. don’t you( ) 2. —I have watched the game. —When ____ you ____ it? A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch( )3. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live( )4. His grandma ______ for two years. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead BCBD( )5. –Where is Han Mei now? －－ She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone( )6. －－_____ you ____to the United Stated ? －－ No, never,but I went to Canada a few years agoA. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go( )7. You haven’t changed your mind,_______?A. do you B. are you C. have you D. did you( )8. How long have you _____ the football team of the school?A. played B. been at C. joined D been on AACD( )9. —Where have you _____ these days? —I have _____ to Kunming with my friends.A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone( )10. How long have you ____ this book?A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent( )11. —Excuse me, ____ you seen the film yet? —Yes, I _____ it last night.A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw( )12. He has never ridden a horse before,_____? A. is he B. isn’t he C. hasn’t he D. has heBCDD。