高中英语语法复习专题：虚拟语气.docx

虚拟语气1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气16.1 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生各种结构参见下表：例如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.（错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.（对） If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

16.2 非真实条件句1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移a. 与现在事实相反的假设例如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的含义：They are not here, they can’t help you.b. 与过去事实相反的假设例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.16.3 混合条件句有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。

例如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了16.4 虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装例如：Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。

注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替例如：If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的典型例题_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do16.5 特殊的虚拟语气词should1）在主语从句中的应用It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。

2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should） do等例如：I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气判断改错：  （错） You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.（错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong.（对） I insisted that you were wrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

例如：My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议，下周我们开个会16.6 wish的用法1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望其宾语从句的动词形式为：例如：I wish I were as tall as you.　我希望和你一样高He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do例如：I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。

16.7 比较if only与only ifonly if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"If only也可用于陈述语气例如：I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒If only the alarm clock had rung.　　　当时闹钟响就好了If only he comes early.　　　　　　　但愿他早点回来16.8 It is （high） time thatIt is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略例如：It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了It is high time that the children should go to bed.16.9 need "不必做"和"本不必做"didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了例如：John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。

John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了 （Mary步行回家了，没有遇上John的车。