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苏教版小学六年级英语毕业复习资料.doc

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    • 语法知识一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数1.一般状况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watchesﻫ3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberriesﻫ4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knivesﻫ5.不规则名词复数:ﻫman-men, woman-women,  policeman-policemen,  policewoman-policewomen,  mouse-miceﻫchild-children, foot-feet,  tooth-teeth,  fish-fish, people-people,  Chinese-Chinese,  Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper,  juice, water,  milk, rice,   tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler  my father’s shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoesl 并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一种名词后,表达共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车l 要表达所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s  Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表达无生命东西的名词一般用“ of +名词”来表达所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom   a map of China二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)不定冠词:a / an  a unit / an uncle       元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠词:the   the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都懂得的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.(4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的状况:(1)专有名词前:China is a big country. (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.(3)复数名词表达一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day.  It’s Sunday.(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.  * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.(9)固定词组中:at noon at night   by bus三、代词:人称代词,物主代词 人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一ﻫ人称单数I(我)memy(我的)复数we(我们)usour(我们的)第二人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)第三人称单数he(她)himhis(她的)she(她)herher(她的)it(它)itits(它的)复数they(她们/她们/它们)themtheir(她们的/她们的/它们的)四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高档(一)、形容词的比较级ﻫ1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级背面一般带有单词than。

      比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表达限度than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)2.形容词加er的规则:⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;ﻫ⑶ 以一种元音字母和一种辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;ﻫ⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er ﻫ3.不规则形容词比较级:  good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)ﻫ  ⑴在句子中形容词一般处在名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常用的是处在实义动词之后ﻫ2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相似 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)五 数词:基数词,序数词一、基数词(1)1-20one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。

      23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一种“,”,第一种“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion   1,001→one thousand and one 18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three 6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine  750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion二、序数词(1)一般在基数词后加theg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth(2)不规则变化one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加thtwenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

      twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e, ve要用f替ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.若是遇到几十几,前用基来后用序六、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等1.at表达时间概念的某一种点在某时刻、时间、阶段等) at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、半夜、中午)   2.on 1)表达具体日期  注:(1)有关"在周末"的几种表达法: at(on)the weekend在周末---特指 at(on)weekends在周末---泛指  over the weekend在整个周末 during the weekend在周末期间  (2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas  2)在(刚……)的时候 On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里她就给父母打了一种。

      3.in  1)表达"时段"、"时期",在多数状况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)  七、动词:动词的四种时态:(1)一般目前时: 一般目前时的构成  1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其他如: I am a boy. 我是一种男孩ﻫ 2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其他) 如: We study English. 我们学习英语 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语动词+s的变化规则ﻫ1.一般状况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milksﻫ2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies(2)一般过去时:动词过去式详解  动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词①    一般直接在动词的背面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used③    。

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