新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材版综合教程1Unit6IsanOnlyChildaLonelychild.ppt

Unit 6Is an only child a lonely child?Step I Step IIStep IIIStep IVStep VDo you know the terms? an only/single child single-child family/parents sibling jealousy, favoritism DINK single-parent family divorced family empty nest family home for the aged  •one-child/ only-child certificate•control the population growth; improve the population quality•late marriage and late childbirth ; fewer and better birthOne Child Policy•The Chinese government officially restricts married, urban couples to having only one child, although it allows exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves. •Approximately 35.9% of China's population is currently subject to the one-child restriction. The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are completely exempt from the policy. Also exempt from this law are foreigners living in China.CHINA’S ONE CHILD POLICYChina’s One Child policy is a policy that the Chinese government introduced in 1979 to try and solve the problem of overpopulation. It’s main purpose was to make sure that China could support its large population with facilities such as healthcare, education, housing, good jobs and most importantly, food. The aim was to reduce poverty and to improve overall quality of life for the people. CHINA’S ONE CHILD POLICYThe Policy is strictly enforced with three main factors. These are:Favouring delayed marriage and delayed child birth;Favouring fewer and healthier births, rather than more unsuccessful ones;Laying down the rule of one child per couple.WORLD’S CHILD POLICY 度度等。

等第三类国家有第三类国家有美国美国以及多数以及多数发展中国家发展中国家 WORLD’S CHILD POLICY 挪威：孕产期享受全额工资挪威：孕产期享受全额工资 新加坡：孕妇享受新加坡：孕妇享受“星级待遇星级待遇” 俄罗斯：死亡率是出生率的俄罗斯：死亡率是出生率的1.6倍倍 印度：为控制人口出怪招印度：为控制人口出怪招 西班牙：全社会鼓励生育西班牙：全社会鼓励生育 韩国：出现了人口高峰期韩国：出现了人口高峰期 埃及：推行计划生育难埃及：推行计划生育难墨西哥：已过生育高峰墨西哥：已过生育高峰 　　日本：人口百年连降两次日本：人口百年连降两次 　　马其顿：人口增长率出现停滞马其顿：人口增长率出现停滞也门：妇女人均生育率达也门：妇女人均生育率达6．．1人人 Tips keeps population down more love and attention freedom good education more opportunities less financial burden … ageing populationGender imbalancespoiled “little emperors”self-centered lack of independenceLonely…If every couple in China had two children, China would have been in poverty now. 100% of attentionParents would pay all of their attention to the only child . It is good for child’s development.FreedomMaybe the older brother or sister would interfere with the younger brother or sister’s daily life. single-child maybe has more freedom. keeps population down The One Child Policy is having negative effects on China’s population too. There will soon be, and already is a sign of an ageing population which will mean the government will have to put more money onto healthcare and pensions with fewer youngsters around to carry out the work. By the year 2025, the percentage of over 65s in China could reach 30% and instead of the traditional method of children caring for their elders, China’s elderly will have to be put into social retirement care as there won’t be enough youngsters to support them. U.N. Projection: RAPID PROCESS OF POPULATION AGING IN CHINA 联合国的预测联合国的预测: 中国人口快速老龄化中国人口快速老龄化 Much Faster Increase in Proportion of Elderly Persons than in Developed Countries中国老年人口占总人口的比例增长速度大大快于发达国家中国老年人口占总人口的比例增长速度大大快于发达国家 Figure 1. Number of Years It Takes for the Elderly Population Aged 65+ to Increase from 10% to 20% 65+岁老人占总人口比例从岁老人占总人口比例从10%增加到增加到20%的年数的年数 Extremely Rapid Increase of “Oldest Old” Persons 高龄老人增长速度更快 Figure 2. International comparison of average annual increase rates (%) of elderly populations 老年人口年增长率的国际比较老年人口年增长率的国际比较Children are becoming far too spoilt! Parents are treating their only children like royalty, and obese, demanding boys are being seen far too often now and they will have big problems when they reach their teens. Gender imbalance: The policy is seriously affecting China’s sex ratio. Since the 1980s, our ratio has become completely disfigured and the male to female ratio is now 120:100. So much for killing of baby girls and an increase in abortion rates. China could have completely devastated it’s future as there will soon be a shortage in the number of young fertile women and then there will be even fewer births. What a disaster!EVALUATION:Overall, China’s One Child policy has ultimately done what it set out to do. However, it cannot be hailed a success as there have also been some serious consequences including a lack of fertile women within the middle age group, a rise in the number of unregistered children and a host of other problems. China may have began to control it’s population, but has it really solved the problem of bring the country up to date and created a better standard of living for its people?•Are you the only child in your family? How do you feel about it?Structure Analysis•Main Idea?•What kind of writing does this text belong to?•How are the paragraphs connected? What transitions are used? What do they mean?•What is the author’s tone like? why?•writing technique?•Part Division1. Main idea / Theme•This piece of exposition is concerned with the ______________________________________ of having only one child in a family. The question of ____________________________________ in an _______tone — it is always ______________ to each set of parents because of ______________________ they are under; once they decide, both of them should be ________. pros and cons / advantages and disadvantagesa difficult decisionthe different circumstancesconfidentwhether or not to have a second child is discussedobjective2 Tips on writing a discussion essay• Choice of your topic. -- Be sure to have access to good research that provides pertinent information. • Outline of your essay. -- Be sure to include both sides of the issues surrounding the discussion essay topic.• Introduction. -- Introduce the issues relating to the topic.-- Provide important background information.-- Explain important words or terms your reader may not understand. -- Provide your reader, when necessary, with a simple overview of how your discussion essay is organized. • Body-- Present each issue individually and impartially, discussing first one side and then the other side of each argument that relates to your topic. -- Start with your weakest argument or issue and progressing to the strongest. • Conclusion -- Summarize the overall information from the body part, leading the reader to mentally review the pros and cons of the topic.-- Technically, you don’t have to be in favor of one side of the discussion.-- If you are in favor of a side, present your own positions in this part rather than earlier in the essay. 3. Some words used at the beginning of a paragraph make it easier for the reader to understand the coherence of the whole text, such as Another at the beginning of Paragraph 3, Despite of Paragraph 4, and Unfortunately of Paragraph 7. Can you explain how they function?Structural analysis 4Text analysisStructural analysis Structural analysis 5“Despite these arguments …” prepares readers for something against their expectations, i.e. many parents still choose to have one child although the disadvantages of doing so have just been clearly presented.The word “Another” used at the beginning of Paragraph 3 implies that at least one argument has been presented earlier.Text analysisStructural analysis Structural analysis 5“Unfortunately” tells readers that there follows something disappointing, i.e. the author fails to provide a definite answer to the questions raised at the beginning of the text.Text analysisStructural analysis5 writing technique•Para. 2.3.5 classification•para. 2&3. 6 contrast • the pros and cons of one child•para. 4 statistics•para. 5 fact example6 Part DivisionpartsParas.Main IdeasI1II2-3III4-5IV6V7Introduction: dilemmaDisadvantages of having one child Causes of having one child Advantages of having one childConclusion: no simple answerPart 1 (Para. 1)Part 2 (Paras.2 &3 )Part 3 (Paras. 4 &5)Part 5 (Para. 7)Part 4 (Para. 6)The introduction to the dilemmaAdvantages of having only one childConclusionDisadvantages of having only one childDispite the disadvantages, why do many parents choose to have only one child?whether or not to have a second childPara.2 : a lonely childPara.3 a spoiled childFewer family arguments;more quality timePara.4: birthrate declinePara.5: the pressure ofdevoting time and energy;financial burdenNo simple answer to the questionDetailed ReadingPara. 1•What is dilemma that many couples are faced with?•What is the concern that weighs heavily on the minds of many couples?•Arriving home, the boy told his parents about all the _____ which occurred in his dormitory •A) occasions •B) matters •C) incidents •D) issues issue•A. occasions - special even like ceremony... •B. matters - subject, situation •C. incidents - something that happens •D. issues - important topic or problem issue•Issue: 争论的热点话题•Matter: 事情、物质•Subject:话题、科目、主题•Edition: 版本•Topic: 广泛的话题•Theme: 文章的主旨•issue question problem•issue指意见达不到一致的问题，侧重于有待平息（settle）的分歧和争端。

•question指对某事物怀疑而提出的需回答（answer）的问题•problem是客观存在的等待解决（solve）的问题•issue，number 期数•edition 版数•copy 册数•version 同一作品的不同版本dilemma n.a situation in which it is difficult to decide what to do, because each choice has its advantages and disadvantagese.g.Many women are faced with the dilemma of choosing between career and family commitments. 许多妇女都面临着工作和家庭之间的两难选择许多妇女都面临着工作和家庭之间的两难选择Collocation: be in a dilemmae.g.I’m in a dilemma about this job offer.•她感到为难的是要不要把丈夫得了不治之症的真相告诉他dilemma）•The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal diease.demanding adj.needing a lot of ability, effort, or skille.g.Climbing is physically demanding, while studying is mentally demanding.Many people agree that teaching is a demanding profession.the pros and cons of having a second childExplanation:the pros and cons: the advantages and disadvantagese.g.Before we make a decision, we must weigh up the pros and cons.After hours’ discussion, everybody at the meeting could see clearly the pros and cons of the proposal.Paraphrase: the advantages and disadvantages of having one more childbe concerned about 当前，人们不仅关注要吃好，还要寻求营养平衡。

当前，人们不仅关注要吃好，还要寻求营养平衡•Nowadays, people are not only concerned about good food, but also about balanced nutrition.•越来越多的人开始关心自然环境了越来越多的人开始关心自然环境了•More and more people begin to be concerned about our natural environment. Ex:全世界几乎所有的政府都十分关注这个金融问题Almost all the governments in the world are very much concerned about the finacial issue. concernClose Reading• How is this paragraph organized? (How are the sentences connected? What is the use of each sentence?) (dilemma  background/explanation  topic)Para. 2-3•Why do people think that an only child necessarily means a lonely child?•要不要出国进修就完全由你自己决定吧。

•Whether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you.L8. with/in regard to — concerning sb./sth.; in connection with sb./sth. 对于…，在…（这/那）点上 e.g. The company’s position with regard to overtime is made clear in their contracts. I have nothing to say with regard to this rumour. 对此谣言我无可奉告至于英语教学研讨会，我建议在本周末召开With regard to the seminar on English teaching, I suggest thhat it should be held on the coming weekend.•n. a mark of shame or disgrace; a shameful feeling or reputation许多罪犯都重建价值观，努力消除了他们的污点。

stigma)Many criminals reconstruct their values and try to eliminate their stigmas. 你都三十岁了还在啃老，难道不觉得羞耻吗？Don't you think it a sort of stigma that you, already in your thirties, still have to depend on your old parents?stigmaL10, 11. associate(1) v. to connect in thought, memory, or imagination 把…与…联系起来 e.g. The scientist decided he didn’t want to be associated with the project, and left. Shoppers tend to associate certain brand names with high quality. 购物者往往把某些牌子和高品质联系到一起购物者往往把某些牌子和高品质联系到一起 He studies problems associated with cancer treatment. 他研究与治疗癌症相关的问题。

他研究与治疗癌症相关的问题 (2) v. to join in a relationship based on friendship, business, or a shared purpose; combine as friends or partners 与…交往，与…合伙 e.g. He may have been associating with criminals. I don’t like you associating with such people.(3) n. a person connected with another, esp. in work; partner 合伙人，（工作上的）伙伴 e.g. He’s not a friend; he’s a business associate. *association n. the act of associating or fact of being associated 结合，合作，联合；connection made in the mind between different things, ideas, etc. 联想 e.g. Our long association with your company has brought great benefits. Hospitals have rather unpleasant associations for me.•join, combine, unite, connect, link, attach, couple, associate, relate•这些动词均有“连接、结合、联合”之意。

•join: 侧重把原来不相连接的物紧密地连接在一起，但仍可再分开也指把分散的人或几个部分的人联合起来，或加入到某团体中去•combine: 指两个或两个以上的人或物结合在一起•unite: 指联合、团结、结合在一起，构成一个整体•connect: 指两事物在某一点上相连接，但彼此又保持独立•link: 指连环式的连接，或用接合物或其它方式连接，还可指一事物与另一事物的联系或关系•attach: 指把局部连接在整体上，小的接在大的上面，活动的接在固定的上面•couple: 专指连接两件东西，或把事物成对进行连接•associate: 指人与人友好和平、平等地联合在一起；用于物时，指两事物因历史或其它原因，很自然被人们联系在一起，即产生联想•relate: 指人与人有亲戚或婚烟关系；也指人或物之间尚存的实际或假想的联系Many single-child parents feel a stigma associated with their decision to have only one child. Paraphrase: Many single-child families have a strong sense of shame in their decision to have only one child.Translation:许许多多只只有有一一个个小小孩孩的的父父母母都都为为自自己己只只生生一一个个小小孩的决定感到羞愧。

孩的决定感到羞愧L11, 24, 38, 39. lead to— to make sth. happen or exist as a result 引起，导致 e.g. Blaming often leads to complete breakdown in family communications. This will lead to trouble in the future. This investment program will lead to the creation of hundreds of new jobs. 这个投资计划会创造上百个新的就业机会这个投资计划会创造上百个新的就业机会cf. L28. result in — have a specified effect or consequence 产生某种作用或结果 e.g. Our efforts resulted in success. The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles / missile reduction. •只要有一颗火星就能在充满煤气的房间里引起爆炸。

•Just a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas.Practice:Detailed reading2-- at times 21) did I tell you that you could use my car. 2) Identification badges must be worn . 3) even the most talented athletes lose their motivation. At no time____________at all time____________At times__________Detailed readingat no times: used to say strongly that something never happened or should never happenat all times: used especially in official notices or announcements to say what always happens or should always happen• What does Paragraph 2 do in the essay?• How is this paragraph organized? (transition  point  reason)•L13-14. Another common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be more spoiled than one with siblings.–argument: a reason or a set of reasons put forward–spoiled: treat too kindly, indulged Another common reason for having more than one child is that an only child may be over-indulged compared with one with brothers and sisters.negotiate v. discuss sth. in order to reach an agreement, esp. in business or politicsDetailed reading3-- negotiate Collocation:negotiate withe.g.The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists.Derivations:negotiation n.negotiable adj.Language points for Para3give-and-take =willingness of each person to satisfy others’ wishes 妥协，互让妥协，互让e.g.Give-and-take is the secret of successful friendship. 付出和给予是成功的友谊的秘密。

付出和给予是成功的友谊的秘密L15. involve v.(1) to cause (sb. or oneself) to become connected or concerned 使介入，使卷入，使加入，使涉及 *involve sb./oneself in sth. 使使某某人人/自自己己卷卷入入、、介介入入某某事事 *be/get involved in sth. 参与、卷入、介入某事参与、卷入、介入某事 e.g. Don’t involve other people in your trouble. If I were you I wouldn’t ____________ their problems. Some senators were involved in the scandal. / Some senators involved themselves in the scandal. 一些参议员卷入这件丑闻一些参议员卷入这件丑闻 All the children were involved in the school play. 所有孩子都参与了学校的戏剧表演。

所有孩子都参与了学校的戏剧表演get involved in(2) to have as a necessary part or result; entail 包含，使成为必要部分 e.g. What does the job of editing involve? Winning the game involves both skill and fortune. The job involves traveling abroad for three months each year. I didn’t realize that putting on a play involved so much work. / I didn’t realize that so much work was involved in putting on a play. (3) to have as the people or things taking part; to influence or affect 牵涉，涉及，影响到 e.g. The accident involved a bus and a truck. The matter is serious because it involves your reputation. respect the give-and-take involved in many relationshipsParaphrase: realize the importance of cooperation and mutual understanding between themselves and other people in various situations•L14-16. Many people believe that a single child will not have learned to negotiate with others, and respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships.–negotiate with others: discuss sth. with others in order to reach an agreement–give-and-take: a willingness between two people or groups to understand each other, or to let each other have or do some of the things they want Many people think that a single-child will not have learned to hold discussions and reach agreements with others, and that he or she will not have learned to be careful enough not to do anything against mutual understanding and mutual respect necessary in many relationships. Some think this may leave the child less capable of interacting well with people his or her own age than one who has been raised with siblings.这句话的宾语从句中是个比较结构：比较的对象是the child VS one who has been raised with siblings.比较的内容是capable of interacting well with people比较的结果是 the (only) child < children from large families•capable,competent, efficient, qualified•capable 强调有能力做某事，潜能，of•competent强调能够胜任某项工作或具有某方面的竞争力•efficient 有效率•qualified 具有参加比赛或做某事的资格interact (v.)•e.g. He interacts well with other children in the class. e.g. Social and economic factors are interacting to produce a recession. 1) (people) talk to each other and understand each other. 2) (things) have an effect on each other and work together•interaction: n.•interactive: adj.•L16-17. Some think this may leave the child less capable of interacting well with people his or her own age than one who has been raised with siblings.–leave: cause sb./sth. to remain in a certain condition, render–capable: having the ability needed to do sth., able to do things well–interact with sb.: act together or cooperatively, esp. so as to communicate with each other Some people believe that having only one child will probably render the child less able to talk to or associate with his or her peers than a child that has been brought up with brothers and/or sisters.•Some people believe that having only one child will probably render the child less able to talk to or associate with his or her peers than a child that has been brout up with brothers or sisters.• What does Paragraph 3 do?• How is it organized? (point  result  further result)Paras 4-5•Aging Society–Rising Health care–Rising Retirement Pension–Shrinking Workforce–……Part 3•Despite•Despite old age, she is still learning to drive. •尽管年事已高,她还在学开车。

•Despite all our efforts we still lost the game.•尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛 L22, 23. decline (1) v. to become smaller, fewer, weaker, etc.; diminish 变小，减少，减弱，下降 e.g. In regions such as New England textile industries had declined and unemployment was high.无论政府做多少努力，房价几乎没有下降无论政府做多少努力，房价几乎没有下降No matter what efforts the government has made, the price for housing has barely declined.  n. gradual and continuous loss of strength, power, numbers, etc. （力量、数量等的）消减 e.g. There has been a sharp decline in profits this year. The birth rate is declining. (v.→ → n.)• She is on the decline, and may die soon.•她的健康每况愈下，可能不久于人世。

数据的描述 数据描述的重点是掌握并且使用表示升降趋势的单词，比如：　　　rise，increase， over　　　decline， drop， decrease• 男性烟民的人数从1960 年的21%下降到了2001年的17%• 和去年相比，员工的平均收入增加了50%•The number of male smokers decreased from 21% in 1960 to 17% in 2001.•The average income of the staff increased by 50 percent compared with last year.•Cite•The lawyer cited a previous case to support his argument. • 律师引用了以前的案例来支持他的论点 •To illustrate the theory in question, we can cite many examples.•为了说明我们讨论的这一理论,我们可以举一些例子 •L23-24. …while latest statistics cite less than one child.–cite: mention as an example to show … while latest statistics quoted show less than one child per familyL25. predict v. to say what is going to happen in the future 预言，预见 e.g. Unemployment ____________ increase to 700, 000 by the end of the year. 经济学家预言通货膨胀率将会增长。

The economists predicted an increase in the rate of inflation. is predicted to *prediction n. the act of predicting or sth. predicted 预言，被预言的事物 e.g. Her prediction turned out to be correct. *predictable a. that can be predicted 可预言的，可预测的 e.g. The snow had a predictable effect on traffic. Her reaction to this is predictable. antonym:unpredictable• What does Paragraph 4 do in the essay?• How is this paragraph organized? (point  illustration with data  result)• 为了通过“托福”考试（TOEFL），他把业余时间的每分每秒全花在学习英语上了。

•In order to pass TOEFL, he has devoted almost every minute of his spare time to English studies.overwhelming: adj.1) having such a great effect on you that you feel confused and at a loss what to doe.g.Our football team has won an overwhelming victory.我们的足球队取得了压倒性的胜利e.g. An overwhelming majority of the members were against the idea.2) (numbers, odds, etc.) very largeDerivation:overwhelm v.•L27-29. For some single-child parents, particularly those with busy careers, the pressures of devoting time and energy to a second child can seem too overwhelming, resulting in them electing to have no more children.–devote sth./oneself to sb. / (doing) sth.: give one’s time, energy, etc. to sb./(doing) sth.; dedicate–overwhelming: very great, too great to resist or overcome–elect to do sth.: [fml.] choose to do sth. Some single-child couples, particularly those with very busy careers, feel the pressures of spending time and energy on a second child too heavy to bear; therefore, they choose to have one child only.•L29-30. For other parents, the financial burden of having a second child may be the prime consideration.–prime: main, most important For other parents, the money problem caused by having a second child may be the main concern.L32. estimate (1) to try to judge the value, size, speed, cost, etc. of sth. Without calculating it exactly 估算，估计 e.g. The value of the painting was estimated at / to be several thousand pounds. 这幅画得价值估计有几千英镑。

I estimate that we will arrive at 5:30. 我估计我们将在五点半到达(2) n. a calculation or judgment of the nature, value, size, amount, etc., of sth. 估计，估算 e.g. My estimate of the cost was about right. _________________ there are about 6, 000 people in the crowd. My estimate that we would arrive at 5:30 was exactly correct.*estimation n. the act of estimating or forming a judgment 估计，评价，判断 e.g. ______________, he’s the most suitable candidate. This will simply lead, in our estimation to further problems.At a rough estimateIn my estimationL32. equivalent (1) a. having the same value, purpose, job, etc. as a person or thing of a different kind 相同的，等同的 e.g. Changing his job like that is equivalent to giving him the sack. 那样调换他的工作等于是解雇他。

那样调换他的工作等于是解雇他 The US Congress is roughly equivalent to the British Parliament. 美国的国会大致相当于英国的议会美国的国会大致相当于英国的议会(2) n. sth. that has the same value, purpose, job etc. as sth. else 等价物，相对应的事物 e.g. Many Chinese words have no English equivalents. He changed his pounds for the equivalent amount in dollars.•他把英镑兑换成等值的美元•What is Paragraph 5 about?• How is this paragraph organized? (factor 1  factor 2  illustration)Para 6•What are the advantages of having one child in the family?L34. advocate(1) n. sb. who publicly supports sb. else or sth. 拥护者，支持者，提倡者 e.g. She is a strong advocate of birth control. (2) v. to speak in favour of; to support (an idea or plan) esp. publicly 拥护，主张，提倡 e.g. He advocates a reduction in military spending / advocates reducing military spending. *advocacy n. public support for a course of action or way of doing things 拥护，提倡 e.g. She is well known for her advocacy of women’s rights.L35. potential(1) n. the possibility that something will develop in a particular way, or have a particular effect 潜潜力力，，潜潜势势，，可能性可能性 e.g. This is a young player with great potential. The potential of the Internet to create jobs is great. 互联网创造就业的潜力是很大的。

互联网创造就业的潜力是很大的 The company certainly has the potential for growth. 这家公司一定有增长的潜力这家公司一定有增长的潜力(2) a. likely to develop into a particular type of person or thing in the future 潜在的，有可能的潜在的，有可能的 e.g. For the first time she realized the potential danger of her situation. It’s wrong to regard all soccer fans as potential trouble-makers — it’s only a small minority who are responsible for the violence. It is important for manufacturers to identify potential problems at the design stage.•凭借他的表演潜力，那个小伙子有可能成为 娱乐界的超级新星。

•With his acting potential, the young man is likely to be a superstar in the field of entertainment.•L35-36. With just one child, they suggest, there is no potential for family arguments arising from favoritism or sibling jealousy.–arise from / out of: follow as a result of sth.–favoritism: treating one person or group better than others, in an unfair way In one-child families there is hardly the possibility for arguments to arise as a result of parental partiality or jealousy among children. With just one child, they suggest, there is no potential for family arguments arising from favoritism or sibling jealousy. In one-child family there is hardly the possibility for arguments to arise as a result of parental partiality or jealousy among children.Paraphrase•Favoritism•She never showed favoritism to one daughter over the other, as not to cause jealousy or bitterness between sisters.•她从没偏爱任何一个女儿，这样就不会在姐妹间引起嫉妒或仇恨。

•人们相信，兄弟姐妹之间的妒忌多见于有钱人家，而不是贫困人家•It is believed that sibling jealousy exist more in a rich family than in a poor one. This often lead to increased self-esteem which, combined with increased independence can lead to the child being more confident.• Lead to 在句子中出现两次，用法有不同 Lead to something Lead to sb doing (更容易忽略)• increased 出现两次，强调是动作的完成，比increasing更妙• 拆分句子：This often leads to increased self-esteem.Self-esteem is combined with increased independence.It can lead to the child being more confidence.•37-39. This often leads to increased self-esteem which, combined with increased independence, can lead to the child being more confident.–self-esteem: self-respect; the feeling of being satisfied with your own abilities, and that you deserve to be respected This often brings about higher self-respect which, added to more independence, can result in more confidence in the child.• What is Paragraph 6 about?• How is this paragraph organized? (factor 1  factor 2  result)Para.7•Does the writer give a definite answer?•What is the writer's advice given to the single-child family?•L41-42. The circumstances affecting each set of parents are unique, and what is appropriate for one family may not be for another.–circumstances: the conditions that affect an action, event, situation, etc.–unique: being the only one of its kind–appropriate: proper or suitable for a particular time, situation, or purpose As the conditions and situations have different effect on each set of parents, what is suitable for one family may not be appropriate for another.What is appropriate for one family may not be for another.适用于一个家庭的却不一定适合另一个家庭。

拆分句子：It is appropriate for this family.It may not be appropriate for that family.unique: adj. being the only one of its kinde.g.Each person’s fingerprints are unique.He occupies a unique place in English literature. 他在英国文学中占有独特的地位Derivations:uniquely: adv.uniqueness: n.• What does Paragraph 7 do in the essay?• How is this paragraph organized? (point  reason  suggestion)•Many couples are facing a _______ of whether or not to have _________. Having just one child will bring three major problems: the only child will feel ______, especially during holidays; at the same time, as the apple of parents’ eye, he tends to be _______and he will be found less _________dealing with ______________as well. •Some say having a second child helps to counter those problems, but some hold the opposite opinion, which also comprises three aspects: parents have _________in balancing work and life; most importantly, they have to face ____________of having a second child and __________, big families tend to cause _____________. •______ show that more young couples on worldwide scale are ______ to have a second child after balancing ___________. According to the author, the final solution lays in the hands of ______, as long as they have the _________ in this issue. •Many couples are facing a dilemma of whether or not to have a second child. Having just one child will bring three major problems: the only child will feel lonely, especially during holidays; at the same time, as the apple of parents’ eye, he tends to be spoiled and he will be found less capable of dealing with interpersonal relationships as well•. Some say having a second child helps to counter those problems, but some hold the opposite opinion, which also comprises three aspects: parents have overwhelming pressure in balancing work and life; most importantly, they have to face financial burden of having a second child and unavoidably, big families tend to cause favoritism or sibling jealousy. •Statistics show that more young couples on worldwide scale are refusing to have a second child after balancing the pros and cons. According to the author, the final solution lays in the hands of young couples, as long as they have the same opinion in this issue.Translation (p113)•1. The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal disease.•2. Don’t you think it a sort of stigma that you, already in your thirties, still have to depend on your old parents?•3. Almost all the governments in the world are very much concerned about the financial issue.•4. With regard to the seminar on English teaching, I suggest that it be held on the coming weekend.•5. whether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you.•6. Just a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas.•7. No matter what efforts the government has made, the price for housing has barely declined.•8. In order to pass TOEFL, he has devoted almost every minute of his spare time to English studies.•9. With his acting potential, the young man is likely to be a superstar in the field of entertainment.•10. It is believed that siblings jealousy exists more in a rich family than in a poor one.Consolidation Activities- Integrated skillsVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarDictation (p114)You will hear a passage read three times. At the first reading, you should listen carefully for its general idea. At the second reading, you are required to write down the exact words you have just heard (with proper punctuation). At the third reading, you should check what you have written down.Consolidation Activities- Integrated skillsDictation About this time / I found out the use of a key. / One morning I locked my mother up in the pantry, / where she was obliged to remain three hours. / She kept knocking on the door, / while I sat outside on the porch steps and laughed. / This naughty behavior of mine / convinced my parents / that I must be taught as soon as possible. / After my teacher came to me, / I sought an early opportunity / to lock her up in her room. / I could not be induced to tell / where the key was. / My father had to get a ladder / and take the teacher out through the window. / Months after, / I produced the key.VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarMemorable QuotesMemorable Quotesinestimable: impossible to estimate or calculate1. A baby is an inestimable blessing and bother. – Mark Twaine.g. What he said at my birthday party serves as an inestimable gift for all my life. Text IIMemorable quotesBringing up a baby takes very great efforts, which will bring enormous happiness at the same time. An anticipation of the adult’s future features can be discerned with the present character of a child. The same is true with the anticipation of the day which can be told by what the morning is like. as: used as conjunction here to say the way in which sth. happens.2. The childhood shows the man, as morning shows the day. — John MiltonBooks are important to the mind, as water is to the fish. Memorable Quotese.g.Text IIMemorable quotes。