比较级与比较句型讲义全.docx

比较级及比较句型一.基本特征1.形容词和副词比较级的形式 应和比较连词对应出现，即应符合原级比较及比 较级的结构如：---Do you enjoy listening to records?---I find records are often as good as, or better than an actual performance.2 .比较的成分应属于同类事物或同类概念如:Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of Dickens far more exciting than Thackeray ' s.----Thackerays novels3 .比较级的修饰语如 a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much, rather ,还有表示倍数比较的词等，他们的位置是：修饰语+as或倏饰・,语 +more ••• than …如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it killsseven timesmore people each year than automobile accidents.“ Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting? ”“ No, I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. ”4 .下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念：inferior , minor , senior , prior , prefer to , superior , major , juniordifferentpreferable , differ from , compared with , in comparison with from , rather than 。

如：Their watch is superior to all the other watches on the market.二.基本用法1 .同级比较A.基本形式“ as +原级+as结构eg. He ' s as tall as I.B.否定的同级比较常用 not as …asg£ not so •••aseg. He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.C.变体1) as + much/many + 名词 + asThere are as many students in Class 3 as in Class 4.2) as +形原级 + a + 名词+asHe is as clever a boy as his brother.3) as +形+不可数名词+ as4)名词复数+as +形+ asI used to have some dolls as lovely as yours.5) the same as/ be similar to2) 比较级A.基本结构“比较级+than结构He is taller than I (am tall).She sees me more often than she sees her brother.B.变体1)形比较级+名+ thanHe is a cleverer boy than his brother.2)名+形比较级+ thanHe is a boy cleverer than his brother.3) the + 形比较级 + of + the two4) superior/ inferior to3.最高级A.常用“the +最高级比较范围”eg. This is the best picture in the hall.He sings the best in the class.B.变体1) more … than any other2) Not…+比较等级三.值得注意的比较级句型1 .比较级的特殊用法1) the+比较级,the+比较级此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越……就越……”，如:The better I knew him, the more I liked him.The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I ' ll be able to answer them.该结构一共有三条规则：1) . the more 后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格2) . the more后面的谓语如果是 be 动词的话，可以省略3) .第二个the more 后面可以使用倒装，而第一个后面却不行the more, the more其实是原因状语从句，前面是原因(从句)，后面是结果(主句)，倒装句中必须是主句倒装，从句绝对不能够倒装。

例 1 : The stronger __ magnet, the greater the number of lines of magnetic force.(A) of (B) the(C) is the(D) is of the分析：本题显然考查"the more ••• the more …" the领ore 后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格，因此只能选择 B例 2 : The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the bodyof a runner,to the body.(A) the stress it is greater (B) greater is the stress (C) greater stress is (D) the greater the stress 分析：正确答案为D此题考the more …the more句型，只有D符合这一 句型的要求，故选Dthe greater the stress it yields to the body2） the+ 比较级 +of the two :He is the taller of the two.She was the more promising worker of the two.3）比较级+and+比较级此句型表示“越来越••・”，如：Things are getting better and better every day.It ' s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.2 . as…as…的特殊用法1) . as . . . as ...句型可以用来比较两个不同事物或人的两个不同特征，表示两个事物的状况处于同等程度或两个事物之间具有连带关系。

S1 + V1 + as + adj. 1+ S2+V2+adj.2He was as experienced as his brother was green .他经验丰富，而他弟弟初出茅庐She is as kind as her brother is honest .The prisons are as over — crowded as the farmlands are empty .监狱里人满为患，而农田却无人耕种两者程度相等，但是状况截然不同，以突出两者的对比）2) . as .. . as ...句型还可以用来比较一个事物或一个人的两个不同的特征,表示两个特征同时存在，具有 both ... and ...的含义S +V+as + adj. 1+ as +adj.2S+V+as +n.1+as +n.2The landlord was as greedy as cruel.The problems are as numerous as trivial .It is as your fault as your wife ' s .3) . as . .. as . .. can be, as ... as any (anything ), as ... as ever lived 表示某事达到了无以复加的程度，最，极其。

They are as unreliable as they can be .He is as great a mathematician as any (as ever lived ).My sister is as green as green can be .He pretends to be as modest as anything .4) as likely as not该结构并无否定含义，表示很可能之意，而且语气强烈例如：He will forget all about it as likely as not .类彳以的用法还有： as often as not , more often than not , 表示经常、往 往之意3 . not so much ... as ...：这个句型用以 肯定as后面的内容，而在一定程度上 否定as前面的内容，表示 “与其说还不如说”Experience shows that success is not so much due to ability as to passion .——not so much due to ability as (due) to passionI was attracted not so much by the plot of the story as by the actor ' s excellent performance .4 . (1) As C is to D , so is A to B这个句型表示A与B之间的关系就像X与Y之间的关系,以人们所熟知的两个 事物之间的关系说明一个不被熟知或被忽视的两事物之间的关系，是一种类比：A对于B,犹如X对于Y。

例如：As the house is to the man , so is the nest to the bird .As food is to the body , so is reading to the mind(2)Ajs to B what C is to DThe people is to the Party' whamywate门s to fish.Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.5 . more than 与less than 的相关特殊用法1) more A than B表示与 not so much ... as类似的含义，肯定的是 A,而在一定程度上否定 B与其说是B,还不如说是A"He is more brave than wiseThe child was more frightened than hurtMany patients die more of worry than of cancer when they get to know the truth about their illness .2) more ••• than…的特殊用法。