Risk Assessment 风险评估 R32, R1234yf and R1234ze CN.doc

MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE Risk Assessment 风险评估R32, R1234yf and R1234zeCONFIDENTIAL! Only to be used for intended purpose in coordination with Danfoss 机密！仅用于与Danfoss合作的目的Scope 范畴Evaluate risk of R32, R1234yf and R1234ze in commercial refrigeration and air-conditioning, with the following preconditions:评估商用制冷空调中R32, R1234yf 和 R1234ze的风险性，评估前提如下：n All electrical components complies with ATEX zone 2 as defined in IEC 60079-14 or similar as defined in section 5.2.16 of ISO 5149-1:2009 draft所有的电动部件必须遵守在IEC 60079-14 定义的ATEX区域2部分或ISO 5149-1:2009 草案中类似的 5.2.16章节定义内容。

补充：ATEX为一项欧洲指令，是对欧盟成员国有关国家立法中关于危险区安全要求的增加和补充，现已成为一项共同的标准）CONFIDENTIAL! Only to be used for intended purpose in coordination with Danfoss R32, R1234yf and R1234ze Risk Evaluation, June 2011 | 2机密！仅用于与Danfoss合作的目的 R32，R1234yf和R1234ze风险评估， 2011年6月 |2Toxicity 毒性Toxicity of A2L (such as R32, R1234yf and R1234ze): A2L制冷剂（如 R32, R1234yf 和R1234ze）的毒性：n A2L refrigerants are considered to be non-toxic: A2L制冷剂被认为是无毒的：International refrigeration safety standards considers refrigerants non-toxic, if Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) is 400ppm (=0,04%) or greater国际制冷剂安全标准认定制冷剂无毒，如果OEL值为400ppm或更高。

ATEL is always above OEL→always above 0,04%一般ATEL值总是高于 OEL值→一般超出与0.04%n All refrigerants are considered dangerous above the Oxygen Deprivation Limit of 14%.缺氧极限值（ODL）超过14%的所有制冷剂都被认为是危险品n Toxicity levels of A2L refrigerants are in the same range as other refrigerants. A2L 制冷剂的毒性水平和其它制冷剂处于同一区域内Conclusion: 结论：n A2L refrigerants are considered to be non-toxic. A2L制冷剂被认为是无毒的Note 备注：n All HCF’s (including HFO’s) generate toxic compounds when exposed to flames (HF or even COF2). 全部HCF’s （包括 HFO’s）簇制冷剂当暴露在火焰中时会生成有毒混合物（(HF或者甚至 COF2）Acute Toxicity Exposure Levels (ATEL): 急性毒性暴露水平：Oxygen Deprivation Limit = 14% 缺氧极限值（ODL）为14%；Source: ASHRAE 34-2010 + Honeywell for R1234ze 来源：ASHRAE 34-2010 + Honeywell （针对R1234ze）CONFIDENTIAL! Only to be used for intended purpose in coordination with Danfoss R32, R1234yf and R1234ze Risk Evaluation, June 2011 | 2机密！仅用于与Danfoss合作的目的 R32，R1234yf和R1234ze风险评估， 2011年6月 |3Flammability Summary 易燃问题总结Good engineering practice (as defined in standards) 好的工程示范（按照标准要求）Build to avoid leaks. 建造过程避免泄漏Standards ensure room is large enough so 20% of LFL can not be ached in whole room (25% in NAM).LFL may still be eached close to the leak. 标准确保房间足够大，以至于在整个房间中着火下限的20%都达不到（NAM的25%）. 着火下限LFL可能仍然接近于泄漏点Standards ensure that no ignition sources are present close to frigerant containing parts. 标准确保接近制冷剂容器部件附近没有点火源Limit charge depending on the type of occupation in the area,where the refrigerant system is placed and the area which is cooled. 限定值的变换取决于制冷剂系统的位置以及其制冷区域If builders doesn’t know the standards 如果设计建造者不了解标准规范Even incompetent system builders focus on making systems tight. Component suppliers will avoid components designs for A2L,that may cause large leaks. 即使不称职的系统建造者也会将焦点放在系统的紧凑程度上. 部件供应商将避免按A2L设计，因为可能导致更大的泄漏Even an unlucky incompetent system builder is unlikely to create more than a locally flammable atmosphere 甚至一个运气差的不称职系统建造者也不可能去设计一个超出当地可燃性气体浓度的系统Ignition is harder than for other flammable refrigerants. Ignition will not come from approved components, but may come from components for other refrigerants or other systems on site. 比起其它可燃制冷剂而言，着火难度较大。

着火不是来自于获准的部件，而可能是来源于其它制冷剂或其它系统所在的位置System builders avoid high amounts of (even nonflammable) refrigerants where general occupancy is present, due to toxicity fears. Accidents may still cause property damage. 基于对毒性的担忧，系统建造者避免在既有建筑物中使用大量的制冷剂（即使无毒） 事故可能导致财产损失During service, incompetent service engineers may create and ignite a local flammable atmosphere. Injuring themselves and close bystanders.在服务环节，不合格的维修工程师可能制造和点燃当地的可燃性气体，伤害到他们自己和附近的人。

Conclusion: 结论：n Serious accidents using approved components are highly unlikely. 维修事故很可能是没有使用合格的部件（造成的)CONFIDENTIAL! Only to be used for intended purpose in coordination with Danfoss R32, R1234yf and R1234ze Risk Evaluation, June 2011 | 2机密！仅用于与Danfoss合作的目的 R32，R1234yf和R1234ze风险评估， 2011年6月 |4Leaks 泄漏Only large leaks are an issue from a flammability point of view, since small leaks tends to get diluted below the lower flammability limit只有大型的泄漏问题从可燃性的观点去阐述,因为小泄漏会被稀释到可燃性限制值的下限。

Builders will。