介词加关系代词引导的定语从句.docx

介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句之公保含烟创作“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定 语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系.当关系代词在定语 从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代 词”句型.例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、根本构成1•“介词+关系代词”构造引导的定语从句中关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介词+which/whom.(1) The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.(2) The city in which she lives is far away.(3) The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略.2. 在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可 用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom (指人)作介词的宾语•且此处 关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中.如：(1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.(2) The city(which/that)she lives in is far away.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面， 但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如:look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen toThis is the pen that / which you are looking for.The patient whom she islooking after is her father.The words that /which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard.There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take good care of.练习：Are these sentences right?(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend.(2) The man(who/that) you talked with is my friend.(3) The man with who/that you talked is my friend.(4) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(5) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable.二、关系副词when , where , why可用“介词+which”来替代•关系副 词实际上是介词＋先行词.其中whe n二表时间的介词(如：in, at,dur ing 等)+which ; Where二表所在的介词(如：in, at,o n,un der 等)+which ; Why二表原因的介词(如：for) +which(1)领先行词暗示时间,定语从句中缺少时间状语时,通常常使用关系 副词when引导，此时也可选用暗示时间的介词+ which来替代关系副 词 whe n.( onI still remember the day when I came here. the day =when)(2)领先行词暗示所在，定语从句中缺少所在状语时，通常常使用关系 副词where引导，此时也可选用暗示所在的介词+which来替代关系副 词 where.This is the house where I lived last year. ( in thehouse= where)(3) 领先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少暗示原因状语时，通常常使 用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来替代关系副词why.There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why) 三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义(重中之重)1. 一先，即依据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择.I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)2. 二动，即依据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择.This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spendmoney on sth.)3. 三意义，即依据定语从句的意义来确定介词.This is my pair of glasses, __without which__I cannot see clearly. 例题：用“介词+关系代词”的形式暗示1. Do you like the book she learned a lot?2. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.3. The tower people can have a good view is on the hill.1）介词前面的关系代词不能省略.2 ） that前不能有介词.3 ）某些在从句中充事先间，所在或原因状语的"介词+关系词"构造 可以同关系副词whe n,where和why互换.练习：1. He was educated at a local grammar school, he went on toCambridge. （05山东卷）A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this2.She was educated at Beijing University, she went on tohave her advanced study abroad. （06陕西卷）A. after that B. from that C. from which D. after which3. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for along time. （09陕西卷）A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which4. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may returnin the near future. （10山东卷）A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which5. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people ,many of left their village homes for a better life in the city .（10 浙卷）6. The English play my students acted at the New Year'sparty was a great success. （ 04 全国 I）A for which B at which C in which D on which7. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the s ailing time was 226 days. （04广西）A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which8. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes people wereeaten by the tiger. （05广东卷）A. in which B. by which C. which D. that9. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more than three years. （11江西卷）A. for whichB. with which C. of which D. to which10. The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be ___the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏卷）A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which11. Eric received training in the computer for one year, hefound a job in a big company.A.after that B.after which C.after it D.after this12. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, therewon't be much work.A.where B.that C.by which D.withoutwhich13. Last week,only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it.A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom14. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm ，many people have gone home.A.whose time B.that C.on which D.by whichtime15. Whenever I met her, was fairly often,she greeted mewith a sweet smile .（09山东）16.She brought with her three friends,none of I had evermet before. （09海南）17.Many children, parents are away working in bigcities,are taken go。