过去完成时.doc

过去完成时过去完成时(past perfect)表示在发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个，它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”基本结构 主语+had+过去分词 ① 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ② ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. (可缩写为hadn’t)③ 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+had. 否定回答：No, 主语+hadn’t. ④ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ ⑤ 被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词基本用法（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作即“过去的过去”可以用by + 过去的时间, by the end of + 过去的时间， before+过去的时间等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示 By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。

By the end of last term, I had learnt 2, 000 words.到上学期末为止，我已经学了两千个英语单词2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally cameaa. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟 He had lived in Beijing for five years before he moved to Parris.搬到巴黎之前他已经在北京住了五年 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时 Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。

他以前是我的好友 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时 I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了 （5）过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前 He said that he had been to Beijing. 他说他去过北京 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了 （6） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

如when, before, after, by the time引导的状语从句 When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了By the time I arrived at the station, the train had left. 我到火车站的时候，火车已经出发了After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. （7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来希望能来看看你 （8）过去完成时还可用在 1.主语+ had＋hardly＋过去分词＋when＋主语＋一般过去时 2.主语＋had＋no sooner＋过去分词＋than＋主语＋一般过去时。

3. It was the first (second, etc) time (that) I had ______ 等固定句型中 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了 练一练 1. 单项选择1．He asked me ____ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ___ Jane ____ by the time he was seven?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _____ 900 English words by the time I was ten。

A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _____lived in Beijing for ______ years before she moved to Canada.A. had lived B. has lived C. had lives D. have lived5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _______ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. By the end of this century, we____ ours into a strong modern country. A. will build　　　 B. had built　　　C. have built　 　　D. will have built8. By the time he was ten years old, he ________.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He ____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns, piano. 11. What _____ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _____ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 14. We _________the work by six yesterday evening. A. finished　 　B. would finish　　C. had finished　 　D. had been finished15. By the time he was 4, he _A_____ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B。