虚拟语气顺口溜PPT.ppt

高三英语语法高三英语语法（十二）（十二）虚拟语气虚拟语气一一. .虚拟语气的类型虚拟语气的类型1 1、实际意义上的虚拟语气实际意义上的虚拟语气They talked as if they They talked as if they had beenhad been friends for years. friends for years.2 2、虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式The order was that we The order was that we (should) stay(should) stay where we where we were.were.二二. .实际意义上的虚拟语气实际意义上的虚拟语气1 1、小小顺口溜、小小顺口溜虚拟语气并不难虚拟语气并不难, , 从句时态都提前从句时态都提前, ,主句主句wouldwould加在前，注意动词要还原加在前，注意动词要还原省略（省略if if要倒装）要倒装）e.g. e.g. 1 1））If I If I werewere in your shoes, I in your shoes, I wouldwould accept the accept the terms.terms.2 2）） If we If we had lefthad left earlier, we earlier, we wouldnwouldn’t have t have missedmissed the train. the train.3 3）） I wish I I wish I werewere as clever as you as clever as you2 2、虚拟语气在、虚拟语气在条件句条件句中的应用中的应用所述所述情况情况 if if 从句从句 主句主句 与过与过去相去相反反if + if + 主语主语 + had done+ had done主语主语 + would/ could/ + would/ could/ might/should + have might/should + have done done 与现与现在相在相反反 if + if + 主语主语 + did+ did（（bebe动词用动词用werewere））主语主语 +would/ could/ +would/ could/ might/should + do might/should + do 与将与将来相来相反反 ①if + ①if + 主语主语 + did+ did②if + ②if + 主语主语 + were to + do+ were to + do③if + ③if + 主语主语 + should + do+ should + do主语主语+ would/ could/ + would/ could/ might/should domight/should do①①此表中需要注意几点：此表中需要注意几点：1 1．．bebe动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用werewere。

在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔也用也用waswas如：If he were/was you, he would go at once.If he were/was you, he would go at once. 2 2．．主句主句中的中的shouldshould通常用于第通常用于第一一人称，人称，would, would, couldcould以及以及mightmight可以用于各种人称可以用于各种人称3 3．在表示与．在表示与将来将来事实相反的事实相反的条件句条件句中，只能用中，只能用shouldshould，而不能用，而不能用would, couldwould, could和和mightmight等如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. camping. （（should rainshould rain也可以用也可以用rained, were to rained, were to rainrain代替）代替）4 4、主句和、主句和if if条件句时态不一致条件句时态不一致（单独虚拟）（单独虚拟）。

如：如：If he If he had receivedhad received six more votes, he six more votes, he would bewould be our our chairman now.chairman now.If you If you were were in better health, we in better health, we would havewould have allowed allowed you to join them in the work.you to join them in the work.②②含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句1 1．用介词短语替代条件句常用介词有．用介词短语替代条件句常用介词有with, with, without, but forwithout, but for等如：We couldnWe couldn’t have succeeded t have succeeded without without your your help(=If we hadnhelp(=If we hadn’t got your help). t got your help). What would you do What would you do withwith a million dollars? a million dollars?But forBut for the rain the rain（（=If it hadn=If it hadn’t been for the t been for the rainrain））, we would have finished the work. , we would have finished the work. 2. 2. 假设的情况又是可以通过假设的情况又是可以通过上下文上下文或其他方式表或其他方式表现出来。

如：现出来如：1 1））He would have given you more help, He would have given you more help, but but he he has been ill.has been ill.2 2））I was ill that day. I was ill that day. OtherwiseOtherwise I would have I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadntaken part in the parade.( if I hadn’t been ill,t been ill,…) )★★but, otherwisebut, otherwise连接的两个并列的分句存在连接的两个并列的分句存在单独单独虚拟虚拟现象，即：现象，即：一个一个分句为分句为虚拟虚拟句，句，另一个另一个分句为分句为真实真实句3 3））It would be a mistake not to help him.( It It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didnwould be a mistake if we didn’t help him.)t help him.)Anyone in her position would have done the same.Anyone in her position would have done the same.★★有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟语气。

语气4 4））SupposeSuppose we told her the truth. we told her the truth.5 5））ImagineImagine your child played truant. your child played truant.③③省略省略if if的情况的情况如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词（（were, had, shouldwere, had, should或或could could ））时，可时，可省略省略if if，把从，把从句中的句中的were, hadwere, had或或shouldshould或或couldcould提到其主语前形提到其主语前形成成倒装结构倒装结构如：Had we made(=If we had made) adequate Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.preparations, we might have succeeded.Were it not for their assistance, we would be in Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.serious difficulty.Should there be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do?3 3、实际意义上虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用、实际意义上虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用（（从句时态都提前从句时态都提前））①①wishwish后后thatthat引导的宾语从句中。

如：引导的宾语从句中如：I wish I I wish I werewere as clever as you. as clever as you. I wish he I wish he would trywould try again. again. （表示与将来事实相反）（表示与将来事实相反）②②as ifas if（（thoughthough））引导的表语从句或方式状语从句引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中如：He looks as if/though he He looks as if/though he were were an artist.an artist. ③③would ratherwould rather后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中 （（would ratherwould rather后后不能加不能加thatthat 从句谓语用从句谓语用一般过去时一般过去时来表示与现在或将来要做来表示与现在或将来要做的相反的事情，用的相反的事情，用过去完成时过去完成时来表示与过去发生来表示与过去发生的相反的事情如：的相反的事情如： I I’d rather you d rather you didndidn’t got go there.( there.(与将来相反）与将来相反）I I’d rather we d rather we hadhad a rest now. a rest now. （与现在相反）（与现在相反）I I’d rather you d rather you had beenhad been here yesterday. here yesterday. （与过（与过去相反）去相反）④④If onlyIf only引导的感叹句中。

如：引导的感叹句中如：If only I were a bird. If only I were a bird. （我要是只鸟就好了我要是只鸟就好了三三. .虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式1) 1)复合句中含有复合句中含有suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建议、安排建议、安排））demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, ( (要求、渴望要求、渴望））insist, orderinsist, order（（坚持、命令坚持、命令））等等, ,以及其派生词以及其派生词 （如：（如：suggestion, advicesuggestion, advice…ideaidea) ) 复合句中所含有的复合句中所含有的名词性从句名词性从句中的谓语动词要用中的谓语动词要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。

如：可以省略如：The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. in bed for a few days. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan.give up the plan. 注意注意：当：当suggestsuggest作作“暗示、表明暗示、表明”讲，讲，insistinsist作作“坚持说坚持说”讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，后边讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，后边thatthat从句从句不用虚拟语气如：不用虚拟语气如：Mike Mike insistedinsisted that he that he had never stolenhad never stolen anything. anything. The look on his faceThe look on his face suggested suggested that he that he waswas angry. angry. 2) 2) 在在It is + It is + 形容词形容词(necessary, important, natural, (necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + thatstrange, etc. ) + that从句中，从句中的谓语动词要从句中，从句中的谓语动词要用用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。

如：可以省略如：It It’s necessary that we (should) clean the room s necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. every day. 3 3）在）在It is/was a pityIt is/was a pity（（a shame, no wonder, etc. a shame, no wonder, etc. ）） + that+ that从句中，从句中的谓语动词要用从句中，从句中的谓语动词要用should should do, should do, should 可以省略如：可以省略如：It was a pity that our team should lose the game. It was a pity that our team should lose the game. ★★当然上面当然上面2) 2) 、、 3)3)两类的两类的thatthat从句中也可以从句中也可以不用虚不用虚拟语气，拟语气，而而用陈述语气用陈述语气如：如：It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is a pity that you canIt is a pity that you can’t dance.t dance. 四四. .某些表祝愿的句子也需要用虚拟语气。

某些表祝愿的句子也需要用虚拟语气1 1）用原形）用原形Long Long live live world peace!world peace!God God blessbless you! you!2) 2) 由由may may 加动词原形构成加动词原形构成May May you be happy all your life.you be happy all your life.。