国际音标整理文档.doc

一、 国际音标 我国通用的国际音标有48个，元音音标20个，辅音音标28个元音分类表单元音前元音/i:/ /ɪ/ /e/ /æ/后元音/ɑ:/ /ɒ/ /ɔ:/ /ʊ/ /U:/中元音/ ʌ/ / ɜ:/ /ə/双元音/eɪ/ /əʊ/ /aɪ/ /aʊ/ /ɔɪ/ /ɪə/ /ɛə/ 辅音分类表辅音组爆破音/p/ /b/ / t/ /d/ / k/ /g/摩擦音//f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/  /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ / h/ / r/ 破擦音/tʃ/ /dʒ/ /tr/  /dr/  /ts/ /dz/ 鼻音/m/ /n/  /ŋ/舌边音/ ǀ/半元音/ w/ / j/发音器官图1. 上唇 Upper lip 2. 下唇 Lower lip 3. 上齿 Upper teeth 4. 下齿 Lower teeth 5. 上齿龈 Upper teeth ridge 6. 硬腭 Hard palate 7. 软腭 Soft palate 8. 小舌 the uvula9. 舌端The tip of the tongue 10. 舌前The front of the tongue 11. 舌后 The back of the tongue 12. 喉头 throat 13. 声带 the vocal cords 14. 器官 organs 15. 咽头 the pharynx 16. 口腔 the mouth cavity 17. 鼻腔 the nasal cavity发音器官图： ⑴ /i:/ 发音时，舌尖轻抵下齿，前舌部向上颚抬起，口型扁而平，发音时间持续较长。

例词：be meat sheep secret believe 例句：I don’t believe it. He feels very weak.⑵ /ɪ/ 发音时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口型扁平，发音时间短促例词：it big rich visit loaded business例句：It’s a very big city. I feel a bit dizzy.⑶ /e/舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口型扁平，气流从口腔泻出，发音时间短促例词： fed best them wedding refresh例句： Well fed, well bred. I will never forget Petty.⑷ /æ/舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬，双唇开口度较大，并向两边平展，发音时间短促例词： at have flat stand Saturday例句： I’m glad to know that. He was born in a happy family.⑸ /ɑ:/舌身放低后缩，舌后部隆起，口型张大，口全开，身带震动，发音延续较长。

例词： art fast March party advance例句： My father has a large farm. Please park your car in the car park.⑹/ɔ:/ 舌身尽量降低并收缩，舌后部抬起，双唇收圆收小，并稍向前凸，发音延续较长例词：saw born course thought morning例句：They are talking about Ford. I decided to go abroad after graduation.⑺ /ɒ/ 舌身尽量降低并后缩，舌后部抬起，口型稍收圆，开口比长元音/ɔ:/大，但不向前突出，发音短促例词： hot boss want doctor holiday例句： Who’s knocking at the door? Lost time is never found again.⑻ /U:/舌身后缩，舌后部尽量抬起，口型较小较圆更突出，发音延长例词： do you tooth choose June例句： You must follow the rule of the school. Whose shoes are these?⑼ /ʊ/舌身后缩，舌后部抬起,口型收圆稍微突出，比/U:/的口型较放松，发音短促。

例词： book good put wood push例句： This book is a good cook-book. Let me have a look.⑽ / ʌ/ 舌身后缩至口腔中部，舌后部稍抬起，双唇较扁，开口较大，发音短促例词：up but does rough thunder例句：The old man has got much money. I went to cinema just for fun.⑾ / ɜ:/ 舌位抬高，舌身放平，口型微张，双唇扁平，双唇肌肉较紧张，发音时间较长例词：sir her third worth early 例句：Can I help you, sir? Everybody deserves good services.⑿ /ə/舌身放平,舌中部稍抬起，口型微开，双唇扁平，双唇肌肉较放松，/ə/在词首或词中发的较模糊，在词尾时应当适当延长例词：about again teacher writer paper例句：We ran along the river. She is a famous professor.双元音⒀ /eɪ/ 发音由/e/向/ɪ/自然滑动，滑动过程中口型由半开到半合，舌位随之抬高。

例词： eight day face gate faithful例句： It’s pay day today. Better late than never.⒁ /əʊ/发音由/ə/向/ʊ/自然滑动，滑动过程中口型由半开到小而圆，舌位由半低到高例词： old so show note close例句： It’s so cold. Please close the window.⒂ /aɪ/发音时由/ɑ:/向/ɪ/自然滑动，滑动过程中口型由开到合例词： eye tie ride knife arrive例句： The kite is flying in the sky. Prices are very high these days.⒃ /aʊ/发音时由/ɑ:/向/ʊ/自然滑动，滑动过程中双唇收拢收圆，口型由大到小，舌位由低到高例词： out how about cloud mountain例句： I couldn’t help shouting out. The milk became sour.⒄/ɔɪ/发音时由/ɒ/由 /ɪ/自然滑动，但不到/ɪ/时舌位就停止，滑动过程中双唇逐渐由圆变扁，口型由大变小。

例词： boy joy join enjoy spoil例句： He likes making noise in the class. The boy is spoilt by his parents.⒅ /ɪə/发音时由/ɪ/向/ə/自然滑动，滑动过程中/ɪ/发音较清楚，/ə/发音较模糊，双唇始终半开例词： ear fear here clear various例句： I’m living near here. Students became all ears when their professor was teaching.⒆ /ɛə/第一个成分/æ/开口比/e/大，由/æ/向/ə/自然滑动，滑动过程中开口程度稍稍收小例词： air care hair share parent例句： Their parents stood over there. We rushed there in a tearing hurry.⒇ /ʊə/发音时由/ʊ/向/ə/自然滑动，滑动过程中口型由收圆变为半开例词： poor tour sure rural cruel例句： The poor guy was not sure what to do. The tourists are unhappy with their tour.辅音⑴ /p/ 与/b/ 双唇紧闭，气流突然冲开双唇，冲出口腔，/p/为清辅音，声带不振动，/b/为浊辅音，声带振动。

例词： pit pay proper open happy bit blue baby bike bribe例句： Chongqing is famous for its hot pot. Betty walked in a busy street.⑵ / t/与 /d/ 舌尖紧抵上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，/t/为清辅音，声带不振动; /d/为浊辅音，声带振动例词： too take touch right tight do dirt card tired sudden例句： Don’t tell my teacher, Tom. David told me that Doctor Li would be his tutor this year.⑶/ k/ 与/g/ 舌后部抬起紧贴软腭，形成阻碍，气流冲去阻碍后冲出口腔，/k/为清辅音，声带不振动; /g/为浊辅音，声带振动例词： kick book like dock occasion gate get egg ghost guide例句： The book teaches us how to cook. All that glitters is not gold.⑷/f/与 /v/ 下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间缝隙通过，摩擦成音。

/f/为清辅音，声带不振动; /v/为浊辅音，声带振动例词： fly far wife off laugh very village live over save例句： There are fifteen girls in my class. I’m living in a flat by the river.⑸/θ/ 与/ð/ 舌尖轻触上齿背部，气流从舌齿间的缝隙送出，/θ/为清辅音，声带不振动; / ð /为浊辅音，声带振动例词： thank think thief。