水平井增产措施（分段压裂）.ppt

SurgiFracSM (Surgical Fracturing外科手术一样的压裂)外部压裂 Horizontal Well Stimulation 水平井增产措施Outline• What is Surgifrac? —什么是Surgifrac ？• Challenges of Horizontal fracturing—水平压裂的挑战• Overview of Technology - How it works—技术概述-工 作流程 • Case Histories – Proof that it works—实例-证明其作 用 • Questions—问题SurgiFrac – What is it ?什么是分段压裂？•A patented method to accurately place many fractures in a well (horizontal or vertical) often without required mechanical seals (packers)—在井内进行精确压裂 的专利方法（水平或垂直）通常不要求机械密封（封隔器） •Sealing done dynamically using velocity (Bernoulli)—动力密封用速度 •The only method usable in Pre-perforated liners—唯一可用于射孔前尾管的压裂 方法 •All perforations communicate to the fracture—所有射孔通道和和压裂裂缝相连•Proppant or acid fracs—支撑剂或酸化压裂•Coiled Tubing or Jointed Pipe—连续油管或连接管•Instantaneous downhole fluid concentration modification from surface即时从地面改变浓度 Multiple Fracs in Multilaterals—多底井中多次压裂 Common Assumption Associated with Horizontal Completions: 与水平完井作业相关联的假定“Completing with long horizontal laterals will avoid the need for expensive stimulation treatments…”—水平井有长的水平井段可免除昂 贵的增产措施… or“In open hole horizontals, current fracturing technology is too expensive or has very limited effectiveness…”—在裸眼水平井中，现时压裂技 术太昂贵或作用很有限…Challenges挑战• Damage Removal移除 损害 • Vertical Permeability垂 直渗透性 • Depletion能量损失程度• Complexity/Risk复杂性 /风险• Cost费用1600 maxTypical Implementations典型实施o o oo oo o oo o oo oo o oo o oo o oo o oo o oo o oo o oo o oo o o o oo o oo o o o oo o oo o o o oo o oo o o o oo o oo o o o oo o oo o o o oo o oo o o o oo o oo o oo o o oo o oo o o o o o oo o o o Multiple fracs in pre-perfed linerMultiple fracs in openholeMulti-LateralIdealistic Concept of Result for Longitudinal Hydraulic Fractures (Along Wellbore Axis)纵向液压压裂结果的理想概念（井眼轴同平行）Idealistic Concept of Result for Transverse Hydraulic Fractures (Perpendicular to Wellbore)横向液压压裂结 果的理想概念（与井眼垂直）This is What You WantThis is What You Want这是你想要的这是你想要的Most Common Result for Openhole Result for Openhole HydraulicHydraulic FracturingFracturing——最常用裸眼井液压压最常用裸眼井液压压 裂裂 Longitudinal Hydraulic Fractures(Along Wellbore Axis)纵向液压压裂（与井眼轴同步）Transverse Hydraulic Fractures(Perpendicular to Wellbore)横向液压压裂（与井眼垂直）Time 时间Wellbore Pressure 井眼压力Pump Rate 泵级Prop Conc.Frac BH Pressure Behavior—压裂BH压力性能Conventional Frac Initiation Pressure Response 常规压裂初始压力反应SurgiFrac Wellbore Pressure Response 分段压裂井眼压力反应Six SurgiFrac Waterfracs performed consecutively for an Openhole Chart horizontal well bore—裸眼井水平井眼六种连续外部水力压裂0.72 psi/ft0.98 psi/ftFracture Initiation Pressure fluid can enter formationSurgiFrac Concept – Phase 6 分段压裂概 念-第六阶段Annular fluid continues to be“pulled” into cavity by jetHighest pressure locationFracture continues to extendKinetic & Potential Energy 动力学-潜在能量Furthermore, Bernoulli assumed that provided the liquid was ideal and incompressible, then at any two points along a tube, the sum of these three forms of energy is constant. . Mathematically, we can state this as, 此外，伯努利假定液体是理想的不可压缩的，在油管的任两点三种形式 的能量是不变的。

从数学角度看我们可以把它看作，An important consequence of this Bernoulli equation is the experimental observation made by Bernoulli that the pressure in a flowing liquid is least where the speed of flow is greatest.伯努利方程的一种重要结论就是伯努利通过实验观察得出流动速度最快 的地方流体压力最小Velocity & Pressure 速率-压力To summarize Bernoulli‘s equation, which applies to liquids and gases, we can state that where the velocity of a fluid is high, the pressure is low and where the velocity is low, the pressure is high. 总结针对总结针对 液体和气体的伯努利 方程，我们们可得出流体速度快的地方压压力低，流体速度慢的 地方压压力高。

Jet Pump Technology 射流泵技术• The art of transforming kinetic energy of one fluid stream to a pressure energy of a mixture of two or more fluid streams 将一种液体流的 动能转成两种或更多液体流的压力能的技术 • Boost pressure: The incremental pressure increase achieved by the low energy fluid 加 压：低能量流体使压力增量增高 • Used in artificial lift, mixing systems 用于人工 举升，混合系统 WWj jWWa aWWf fWell Site Equipment 井场设备High Horsepower Tubing Pumping System 大马马力油管泵泵系统统AnnulusPumping System 环环空泵泵系统统Wellhead Equipment Ram/Hydril/etc 井口设备设备Possible SurgiFrac Completions 外部压裂完井可能性Sandstone 砂岩no acid in curve for re-entryshow of hydrocarbon 碳氢氢化合物acid frac 酸化压压裂sand frac 加砂压压裂Limestone 石灰岩Sandfrac with acid 加酸加砂压压裂Surface & BHA Equipment 地面-BHA 设备SurgiFrac Tool 压裂工具Ball sub 球座接头HydrillSlick Water 注入水BOP’s --- Pipe RAM’s 防喷器Cross-Linked Prop-Laden Fluid or AcidWellhead and BHA 井口和BHAUpper Ball sub 上球座接头Well Control 井控Fig. 1. BOP AssemblyFig. 2. Bladder type BOPFig 3. Stripper RubberTubing back pressure valve 油管回压阀•Uses high pressure jetting to force fluid into the wellbore walls. 高压射 流迫使流体进入井眼。

•Primarily for coil tubing use, since continuous pipe movement is expected (about 3-10 ft/min) 起初用连续油管应用，因为油管要不断运动。