2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷96（附答案带详解）.docx

2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Of course, there are pictures which can be interpreted in more than one way, and even pictures for which there is no （  ）interpretation.问题1选项A.plausibleB.applicableC.reliableD.comprehensible【答案】A【解析】考察形容词辨析plausible “看似合理的”；applicable “可应用的”；reliable “可以信赖的”；comprehensible “可以理解的”句意：当然，有些画作可以从多种角度来理解，而有些画作却难以得到合理的解读选项A符合句意2. 单选题I am cautiously （ ） that a new government will be concerned and aware about the environment.问题1选项A.optimisticB.hostileC.cynicalD.doubtful【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

optimistic “乐观的”；hostile “敌对的”；cynical “愤世嫉俗的”；doubtful “可疑的”句意：对于新政府是否会关注环境问题，我持谨慎的______态度 根据关键信息cautiously可知选项A符合题意，“乐观态度”3. 单选题Mist steals silently in, turns familiar landscapes strange, dampens sounds, ________ vision—then clears suddenly and without warning.问题1选项A.spoilsB.blowsC.tearsD.blurs【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. spoils 破坏，糟蹋 B. blows 吹，刮C. tears 撕裂，撕开 D. blurs 视线模糊，看不清【考查点】动词辨析解题思路】本句主语是“Mist（薄雾）”，空格处和下文的“vision（视野）”构成动宾逻辑，并且和“steals（潜入）、turns（转变）、dampens（减弱）”构成并列谓语，表示薄雾对感官产生的作用由“turns familiar landscapes strange, dampens sounds（把熟悉的风景变得陌生，减弱了声音）”可知，薄雾应该是减弱了人们的感知，所以视野也应该是变模糊的。

blur指看不清楚东西，因此D选项blurs“视线模糊，看不清”最符合题意干扰项排除】A选项spoils“破坏，糟蹋”指把好的东西变成坏的、不愉快的、无用的东西，不符合题干的语义逻辑；B选项blows“吹，刮”指从口中吹气或刮风，不能和“vision（视野）”进行搭配；C选项tears“撕裂，撕开”指将某物撕成碎片或用锋利的东西切割而损坏某物，不符合题干的语义逻辑句意】薄雾悄悄地潜入，把熟悉的风景变得陌生，减弱了声音，模糊了视野——然后突然消失，没有任何预兆4. 单选题The book was widely translated and copied in the ancient world and was influential（ ）.问题1选项A.at any priceB.within reachC.beyond measureD.on purpose【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析at any price “无论如何”；within reach “伸手可及”；beyond measure “无可估量”；on purpose “有目的地，故意地”句意：在古代这本书被广泛地翻译和复制，其影响力______。

根据关键信息widely，可知选项C符合题意5. 单选题Our trouble lies in a simple confusion, one to which economists have been prone since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Growth and ecology operate by different rules. Economists tend to assume that every problem of scarcity can be solved by substitution, by replacing tuna with tilapia， without factoring in the long-term environmental implications of either. But whereas economies might expand, ecosystems do not. They change—pine gives way to oak, coyotes arrive in New England—and they reproduce themselves, but they do not increase in extent or abundance year after year. Most economists think of scarcity as a labor problem, imagining that only energy and technology place limits on production. To harvest more wood, build a better chain saw； to pump more oil，drill more wells； to get more food, invent pest-resistant plants.That logic thrived on new frontiers and more intensive production, and it held off the prophets of scarcity—from Thomas Robert Malthus to Paul Ehrlich—whose predictions of famine and shortage have not come to pass. The Agricultural Revolution that began in seventeenth-century England radically increased the amount of food that could be grown on an acre of land, and the same happened in the 1960s and 1970s, when fertilizer and hybridized seeds arrived in India and Mexico. But the picture looks entirely different when we change the scale. Industrial society is roughly 250 years old: make the last ten thousand years equal to twenty-four hours, and we have been producing consumer goods and CO2 for only the last thirty-six minutes. Do the same for the past 1 million years of human evolution, and everything from the steam engine to the search engine fits into the past twenty-one seconds. If we are not careful, hunting and gathering will look like a far more successful strategy of survival than economic growth. The latter has changed so much about the earth and human societies in so little time that it makes more sense to be cautious than triumphant.Although food scarcity, when it occurs, is a localized problem, other kinds of scarcity are already here. Groundwater is alarmingly low in regions all over the world, but the most immediate threat to growth is surely petroleum.1. Economists are prone to（  ） .2.What does the author think of ecosystems?3.What does the passage say about the predictions made by Thomas Robert Malthus and Paul Ehrlich?4.What happened in the 1960s and 1970s?5.The purpose of mentioning the search engine is to show（  ） .  6.The last sentence of the second paragraph implies that （  ） .问题1选项A.emphasize the differences between economic growth and scarcityB.see economy from an ecological perspectiveC.ignore the environmental impact of economic growthD.use different approaches to economics and ecology问题2选项A.They may deteriorate.B.They may benefit from the economy.C.They are associated with productivity.D.They are closely related to technology.问题3选项A.They proved to be useful.B.They have not come true.C.They proved to be accurate.D.They have not drawn enou。