
八下第二单元基础知识.doc
14页Unit 2(八下)一 词组:1. 留在外面,不进人 2. 打给某人3. 与......相同4. 为......做好准备5. 为.....作准备6. 过时的;落伍的7. 与某人争吵8. 为...付款;付钱9. 向某人借某物10. 给某人提建义11. 找出12. 足够的钱13. 把作业忘在家里14. 与...打架15. 找一份兼职工作16. 与....相处好17. 用交谈,通过18. 写信给......19. 使...感到惊奇20. 惊奇地21. 对感到惊奇22. 谈论23. 想要做24. 一张球赛的票25. 开一个烧烤卖场26. 要..., 寻求27. 给...买...28. 加入俱乐部29. 找一名家庭教师30. 邀请...做...31. 归还,返还32. 直......到才33. 有压力34. 很快吃早餐35. 各种各样36. 一方面37. 另一方面38. 在小小年纪39. 有....要做40. 运动服41. 更友好42. 考试不及格43. 考试及格44. 心烦的,45. 为......抱怨46. 够忙的47. 当今,现在48. 找到休闲的方法49. 做调查50. 对代,处置51. 有组织的活动1. keep out2. call sb.up(ring sb, up)3. the same as4. be ready for5. get ready for(to do sth.)6. out of style7. argue with/have an argument with8. pay for9. borrow sth from sb10. give sb. some advice11. find out12. enough money 13. leave my homework at home14. .have a fight with… 15. get a part-time job16. get on well with sb17. on the phone18. write (a letter)to sb19. to one’s surprise20. in surprise21. be surprised (at/that...)22. talk about23. want sb to do sth 24. a ticket to a ball game25. have a bake sale26. ask for27. buy sth. for sb.28. join a club29. get a tutor30. invite sb to do sth31. give back(return)32. not...until33. under pressure34. have a quick breakfast35. all kinds of36. on the one hand37. on the other hand38. at a young age39. have sth, to do40. sports clothes41. more friendly42. fail the exam43. pass the exam44. be upset45. complain about46. busy enough47. these days48. find ways to relax49. do a survey50. do with51. organized activities52. by oneself二 重要知识点及讲解:语法 情态动词的用法 Ⅰ 【重难点分析】 情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ * 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)”,因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。
* 情态动词和其他动词连用,可表示说话人的语气 * 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等 * 情态动词没有人称和数的变化 * 常用的情态动词有:can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词;其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等 一、九大情态动词的时态关系: 1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could 2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might 3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should 4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would 5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must (常用had to来代替) 二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测” (can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to) (1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”: 1. He can't be at home. (否定句) 他不可能在家 2. Can the news be true ? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句) 这消息可能是真的吗? 3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。
(2)may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”: 1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨 2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪 3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的 (3)will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”: 1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会) 我想他现在一定好了 2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的) 他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水 (4)shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”: 1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲 (5)must 用于表示“必定”,“必会”: 1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的 2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的 3. Mustn't there be a mistake ? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗? 三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求” (can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must) (1)can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”: 1. Can I go with you ? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗? 2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影 3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗? (2)will 和 would 用于表示“请求” 1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office ? (表示客气请求) 请问到邮局怎么走? 2. Would you give me your address ? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气) 请你告诉我你的地址,好吗? (3)shall 和 should 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见 1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗? 2. What should we do next ? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做? 3. Shall he come to see you ? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你? (4)may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can ) 1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事 3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗? 4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗? 5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止) 学生不得在图书馆里吵闹 6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句,表示请求) 你是不对的,如果我可以这么说的话 (5)must 用于表示“禁止”,“不准”: 1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车 2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强) 你们不准在池里钓鱼Section B8 I have a problem.problem⑴ 名词 n. 问题;难题 Do you know how to deal with this problem? "Can you lend me your bicycle?" "No problem." ⑵ 名词 n. 疑难之事;难题 Driving is a problem in deep snow. ⑶ 名词 n. (数学)算题 The teacher has given us 10 problems to do as homework. Problem表达⑴⑵含义的时候,常与deal with(处理)或solve(解决)连用;而表达⑶的含义时,常与work out(。
