基于PLC的太阳运动双轴跟踪系统.doc

毕 业 论 文专业班级： 姓 名： 指导教师： 二零一零年六月2基于 PLC 的太阳运动双轴跟踪系统的设计内容摘要目前，全世界范围内都面临着能源紧缺问题，所以积极开发利用新能源就变得愈发重要了太阳能是一种具有开发潜能的理想的可再生能源，但目前太阳能的利用率不高，目前太阳能利用转化率不到 20%理论分析表明，跟踪式与定点式的太阳能发电装置相比，其能量的接收率可提高 37.7％， 太阳跟踪装置成为国内外学者研究的热点 1因此，本文3提出基于可编程控制器 PLC 的太阳能双轴跟踪系统，使光伏模块能实时跟踪太阳光照，从而最大限度的获得太阳能系统硬件方面，主要选用 SIEMENS 公司的可编程控制器 PLC S7-200 系列，PLC 输入/输出端口的配置，光电接收器，信号处理单元和控制电路电源的设计；系统选用两台42BYGH 型步进电机及 SH2024A 步进电机驱动器在硬件设计部分，还对 PLC 控制模块、步进电机，光电感应器的相关工作原理、硬件结构、实现功能，以及相关选型加以说明。

系统软件的设计，本文在 STEP 7-Micro/WIN 32 编程软件平台上完成了系统的主程序模块、步进电机脉冲控制模块、步进电机运动方向控制模块以及其他相关功能模块的软件设计工作最后，对软硬件进行调试，实现了最初的设计构想，证实本文设计的跟踪控制系统的研究思路、控制方法、软硬件设计均是确实可行的系统具有结构简单、运行平稳、跟踪精度高、稳定性高等特点关键词：太阳能；跟踪系统；PLC；步进电机；光敏传感器；太阳运行轨迹AbstractAt present, we are facing the problem that the energy is shortage, so it becomes increasingly important that a positive development and utilization of new energy sources . Solar energy is a kind of ideal development potential of renewable energy, but solar energy is not utilized, currently solar energy conversion rate is less than 20%. analysis shows that the tracking and fixed-point type of solar power devices compared to the receiving rate of increase of energy 37.7%, so the Sun-tracking device are becomeing a hot researching scholars. Therefore, this paper proposes a programmable controller based on PLC's solar-axis tracking system that allows real-time tracking solar photovoltaic module to light, so as to maximize access to solar energy.The hardware part of the system, we have choosed the SIEMENS PLC S7-200 programmable controller series, PLC input / output port configuration, optical receiver, signal processing unit and control circuit power supply design; we have two 42BYGH type stepping motor and SH2024A stepper motor drive in the system. In the hardware design part, PLC control module, stepper motor, photoelectric sensors related works, the hardware structure、 achieved function, and the selection are be relevanted.The software part of the system , in this 4paper ,we will design the main program module, stepper motor pulse control module, stepper motor control module the direction of movement and other related functional modules of the software .in the help of STEP 7-Micro/WIN 32 programming software platform.Finally, I will do the job that debug software and hardware to achieve the original design concept, which proves that this design of the tracking control system of thought, control methods, both hardware and software design is indeed feasible. This system is simple, stable, high tracking precision, high stability.Key words: solar energy; tracking system; PLC; stepping motor; photosensitive sensor; the sun path目 录第一章 绪论 ......................................................................................................................................11.1 选题背景 ..............................................................................................................................11.1.1 发展太阳能的背景 ...................................................................................................11.1.2 国内外太阳能利用的现状 .......................................................................................31.2 研究目的和意义 ..................................................................................................................41.3 本文研究内容 ......................................................................................................................61.3.1 执行器件模块部分 ...................................................................................................71.3.2 传感器模块部分 .......................................................................................................71.3.2 软件控制部分 ...........................................................................................................71.4 本文结构 .............................................................................................................................7第二章 系统总体设计 ......................................................................................................................72.1 系统设计的原则和目标 .....................................................................................................82.1.1 系统设计原则 ...........................................................................................................82.1.2 系统设计目标 ...........................................................................................................82.2 系统的总体设计方案 .........................................................................................................82.3 系统硬件设计 ....................................................................................................................112.4 系统软件设计 ....................................................................................................................122.4.1 太阳跟踪主程序 .....................................................................................................122.4.2 PLC 对步进电机控制信号的处理流程 ........................。