自考英语二第十三单元讲义.docx

自考英语二第十三单元讲义 Unit 13 Text ALive and Learn活到老，学到老participate vi.参加, 参与, 共享, 分担 participate in 参与 e.g. She never participates in any of our discussions, does she? valedictory a.道别的，告辞的n.道别词potential adj.潜在的, 可能的, 势的, 位的n.潜能, 潜力 graduation n.毕业, 毕业典礼, 刻度, 分等级 generation n.产生, 发生, 一代, 一代人major n.[教]主修课, [律]成年人adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的vi.主修majority n.大多数e.g. The majority of the employees have university degrees. administration n.管理, 经营, 行政部门likely adj.很可能的, 适宜的, 牢靠的, 有盼望的adv.或许, 很可能 costly adj.昂贵的, 珍贵的option n.选项, 选择权, [经]买卖的特权institutionalize v.使制度化或习俗化, 使送进特地机构 standardize vt.使标准化，使统一 admission n.录用；进入；录用commit vt.犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把...交托给, 提交, 容许负责 commit oneself to sth.作出承诺 reinforce vt.加强，增加indicator n.指示物，指示者，指标 indicate v.指示pursuit n.追求，探究 pursue vt.追求，找寻in pursuit of 追求e.g. Many women find it difficult to conbine pursuing a career with having children.exploratory a.探究的，探求的 explore v.探究 productive a.高产的，多产的 superficial a.外表的，浅薄的 abnormality n.变态，畸形 convince vt.使确信, 使信服convince somebody of something convince sb.to do something Good grades and a good job are easy to get. A good education is a different story. 好分数和好工作都不难获得，但承受良好的教育却是另一回事。

Her eyelids sank from lack of sleep, but Teresa’s exams were always perfect, 由于睡眠缺乏，特丽萨的眼睑松垂，但她考试成果总是出类拔萃，her writings longer than required〔被动语态〕, 作文写得比要求的长，and her math problems rewritten to ensure cleanness. 数学题目要再做一遍，以保证卷面干净 She played the violin and the piano, volunteered at the hospital, participated in various school clubs and enjoyed none of them.她拉小提琴、弹钢琴，去医院做志愿者，参与学校里的各种俱乐部活动，虽然这些她一样也不真的喜爱It seemed that she was born to succeed and was more than willing to sacrifice herself in the name of achievement.她似乎天生就是为了取得胜利，甘心情愿地把自己牺牲在成就名声当中。

I watched her as her laughter stopped.我始终关注着她，直到她笑不出来And on Teresa’s graduation day, she wore the valedictory medal, but her eyes were empty.特丽萨毕业的那天，她带着全优毕业生的奖章，双眼却空洞无神Many students today display a worrying tendency to choose universities, fields of study and careers on the basis of earning potential.当今很多学生表现出一种让人担心的倾向，他们基于将来能挣多少钱的考虑来选择院校、探究领域和职业In a large 11019 survey of college students all over the U.S., 73 percent of the students reported that their primary goal in attending college was to make more money upon graduation.11019年对全美国大学生的一项调查显示，73％的学生成认他们上大学的目的就是为了毕业后多挣钱。

This state of mind came with the present generation. 这种精神状态同当代大学生一起而来Studies show that the majority of baby boomers attended college to develop themselves, their critical〔批判性的〕thinking skills and their personal philosophies of life.探究说明，1947-1961年间人口生育顶峰时诞生的大学生上大学是为了自我开展，造就批判思维实力和个人的人生哲学Nationally, the number of students going into business-related fields has sharplyincreased, and this rise has been attributed primarily to the change in educational and career emphases. 从整个国家来看，从事与经济相关工作的毕业生人数已明显增长。

这一增长主要由于教育和职业重点的转变所致 At Duke, economics is now the most popular major, attracting nearly 15 percent of the undergraduates, while history majors are only 5 percent of the undergraduate population.在杜克大学，经济学是此时此刻最热门的专业，吸引了大约整个学校15％的本科生，而历史学系的学生仅占整个本科生比例的5％Thirty years ago the situation was reversed, with economic and business administration majors together being 8.7 percent of the undergraduates and almost 12 percent of the undergraduates declaring themselves history majors. 三十年前，状况恰好相反，主修经济学和商业管理的学生仅占本科生比例的7％，而几乎12％1~本科生是主修历史学的。

The number of English majors has also decreased, from 9 percent in 1969 to 5.5 percent today.此时此刻，主修英语语言文学的学生数量也有所下降，从1969年的9％下降到当今的5．5％Degrees in economics are popular and likely to offer their holders high salaries without the added effort of medical or law school.经济学学位此时此刻很是吃香，很有可能让毕业生拿到高薪，也不用像攻读医学或法律那样须要付出更多的努力And given the goals of the college students of this generation, such options are attractive.从当代大学生的目标来看，经济学类的确很吸引人But certainly, everything has its price. 当然?办任何事情都要付出代价With this wrong idea of education, students convince themselves again and again that learning is a mechanism by which one reaches other goals.由于这种错误教育观点的误导，学生们更加坚信学习是个机械的手段，通过它可以实现其他的目标。

Having accepted this idea, students learn to demand little from their courses, little from their professors and little from themselves.承受了这种观点之后，学生变得不愿再从所学课程中学习学问，不愿再从教师、再从自己那里学习学问They are satisfied with the game of institutionalized education – play by the rules, cheat in the exams, win the degree.他们满意于这种程式化的教育--按规那么嬉戏，考试时作弊，最终获得学位Educational administration encourages this attitude with an overemphasis on grades and standardized tests.教育机构鼓舞这种看法，过分强调考试成果和标准化考试The college admission process, an imperfect science, can rarely distinguish between those students committed to learning and those committed to otheraims. 大学录用的过程并不完备，很难区分哪些学生是致力于学问探究的，哪些学生是想实现其他目的的。

As a result, the selection process often unintentionally reinforces this overemphasis on concrete indicators of achievement. 结果，录用过程无意间更加强调突出了学生的详细考分In this environmen。