2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit15Learning单元检测B-阅读理解提速练北师大版必修5.doc

2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit15Learning单元检测B-阅读理解提速练北师大版必修5 Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·湖北省鄂西北联考)It happens to most first­time fish keepers. They run to a fish store, pick out the best­looking fish, and get all the things they need for their tanks. Then they fill up their tanks and put their fish in the water. Over the course of the next week, their fish aren't looking so good. Then all of a sudden, all of their fish start to die off.Luckily, there is an explanation. Ammonia (氨) and nitrite (亚硝酸盐) are toxic to fish. You see, keeping fish in a tank produces ammonia. If a fish is placed in a new tank, the tank won't be equipped with the ability to change that ammonia into a less harmful chemical. And that's why they die.To avoid the whole failure, you have to understand a little something called the Nitrogen Cycle (氮循环). After ammonia is produced in a tank, a kind of bacterium that is naturally found in water (a bacterium that consumes ammonia and produces nitrite) reproduces itself to form a large enough area to change all ammonia into nitrite. As the concentration (浓度) of nitrite increases, the same thing happens to nitrite, which happened to ammonia. A group of bacteria that change nitrite into nitrate (硝酸盐) form in large numbers. The cycle takes about one week to several months, depending on your technique. When a tank reaches a point where it can change all ammonia and nitrite being produced in a tank to nitrate before they reach harmful concentrations, it has finished the Nitrogen Cycle — it is safe for fish.So before you ever place a fish into a tank from now on, use some skills to make it do that first. To do so, slightly increase ammonia concentration of your tank. If after 24 hours, your tank has no mark of ammonia or nitrite, you can ensure that it's cycled. You just need to perform a partial water change and your tank is ready for fish.语篇解读：本文是说明文。

新手养鱼经常遇到这样的问题：他们刚养不久的鱼相继死去这是因为新鱼缸没有经过氮循环，从而导致鱼中毒死亡1．What can we learn from Para. 1?A．It's really hard for people to keep fish well.B．The author feels very sorry for those dead fish.C．New fish keepers begin to raise fish in a hurry.D．People have no idea how to use their tanks well.解析：选C　推理判断题第一段描述了养鱼新手经常会遇到的问题：他们刚养的鱼很快就死了；由第二段的最后两句可知这是因为新买的鱼缸没有经过氮循环，从而导致鱼中毒而死；由此可推知，作者在第一段中想说明新手养鱼太仓促了2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “toxic” in Para. 2?A．Open.　　　　　　　 B．Harmful.C．Familiar. D．Beneficial.解析：选B　词义猜测题。

由第二段的“the tank won't be equipped with the ability to change that ammonia into a less harmful chemical”可推知，ammonia和nitrite这两种化学物质对鱼类有害3．What do we know about the Nitrogen Cycle?A．It makes sure of fish's safety.B．It provides all the nutrition fish need.C．It increases the concentration of ammonia.D．It produces more chemicals to clean the tank.解析：选A　细节理解题由第三段的内容尤其是最后一句“it has finished the Nitrogen Cycle — it is safe for fish”可知，新买的鱼缸经过氮循环之后，人们就可以用它来养鱼了；故选A4．Which question can't be answered in the text?A．What's the right way to raise fish in a new tank?B．What happens during the Nitrogen Cycle?C．Why are fish in a new tank likely to die?D．Why is nitrate less harmful to fish?解析：选D　推理判断题。

文章第一段介绍了养鱼新手常遇到的问题，第二段解释了造成这种问题的原因，第三段具体介绍了氮循环的过程，最后一段介绍了用新鱼缸养鱼的正确方法；故选DB(2018·安徽省无为中学模拟)When it es to human behaviour, the brain is shown to have two different approaches to thinking. A mon thought process is the automatic and fast approach which helps us to react quickly in dangerous situations. This is known as system 1 and dates back to the times of our prehistoric ancestors, who lived with a natural awareness of the dangers around them — bad weather and threatening animals. Nowadays, we still have the ability to react so rapidly and naturally to situations that it can feel like you're not thinking at all. Have you ever found yourself giving in to temptation and unable to say “no” to buying that new jacket in the window? This is because system 1 is in control — a human characteristic which the world of advertising likes to make the most of!System 2 is the opposite. It's a slow thought process that requires us to pay attention and concentrate, for example, when doing a plex mathematical sum. This way of thinking helps us to make sensible long­term decisions. The problem is that system 2 often starts to feel boring and so system 1takes over. How often have you put down your homework or put off doing important jobs to go on Facebook or watch a TV soap?We like to think that we go through life mainly using system 2. As individuals, we are in control, always taking sensible and logical decisions. System 1 type thoughts are reserved for special occasions when we can afford to relax a little — on holiday perhaps. However, the former plays more of a secondary role in our lives, with the latter taking the main stage.Sometimes it's system 1 that makes the right decision but system 2 that gets it wrong. For example, professional sports teams put a lot of effort into a game plan but often it's the unconscious human wish to do。