四六级长难句分析.doc

复杂长难句分析现在，常常听到同学抱怨：“四、六级考试中，阅读部分句子里的单词都是认识的，但可是句子太长， 结构太复杂，句子意思理解起来很慢、很吃力，有时候根本看不懂” o的确，目前在四、六级考试阅读 部分中出现含有50-70个词汇的长句子己经司空见惯所以，我们必战胜那些“复杂长难句”，才有可 能在“四、六级”这个战场上大获全胜！I. 并列平行结构英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如and> or等，或标点符号如分号、逗号、破折号等把 若T•个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表 达一个复杂、多层次含义这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的.1. I wan ted her to know that my hear t was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.(注：owe s. th to sb 的用法)要点：that my heart and that I thought 为两个并列宾语从句；owed her and was going 为两个并列的谓语结构。

参考译文：我想让她知道我的心和她在一起，而且我认为英国欠了她很多，很快就会怀念她2. And neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely every day, and (that) millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.参考译文：朋友们及家庭成员都无法说服恐惧症患者，使他们相信多数动物对人无害，数以千计的 旅行者每日都安全飞行，数百万的人每天都安全地乘好几次电梯3. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points (that) you remain confused about.要点：as well as为连接词组，意为“不但……而且……；既……又……”，在句中连接并列成分 还要注意as well as的用法与门ot only-but also…相同，但重点通常在as well as前面的部分。

参考译文：不仅要复习你仍然混淆不清的地方，而且要重温课堂上提到的要点II. 插入结构插入结构是在一个句子中某两个句子成分之间，如主谓，谓宾，定语和受定语等之间插入一个从句， 短语或单词以对原来句子所表达的内容进行补充、添加、限定和说明有时这些介入成分又较长，从而 使本来应该紧联在一起得句子成分被分隔开了有时一个句子会有多个从句，分词短语等存在，再加上 插入成分，就会使得句子结构显得很复杂，从而造成阅读上的障碍插入成分最明显的标志是用逗号与主句隔开但有时由于多种句子成分的存在，句子中会使用多个 逗号，分号，从而导致插入成分不易一眼看出，以至出现理解错误下面我们就集中辨析这一类结构的 句子1. During the rest of this century,as never before,history will be the study of population.要点：as never before为插入语，插于状语和谓语之间，意为“前所未有”参考译文：在本世纪末，对人口的研究将前所未有地成为历史2. Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subiccl io as they are transported over long distances are enormous,...要点：此句的主语和表语之间插入了由as引导的时间状语从句；pollen grains are subject to为定语从句， 修饰 the potential hazardso参考译文：因为花粉在长距离输送中存在的潜在危险是巨大的……3. We live in a time when,more than ever before in history ,people are moving abou匸要点：定语从句"people are moving about”被比较状语"mow than ever before in history"分隔 <=参考译文：我们生活在一个四处奔波甚于历史上任何时期的时代。

4. While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.要点：此句的宾语"a teaching post"之所以放在” in a local newspaper"之后是因为它带有 较长的后 置定语，其目的是为了避免句子“头重脚轻寫参考译文：在我等待进入大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约10英里 的伦敦某郊区有所学校要招聘一名教师小测验”翻译下列句子1 ・ Silly or wise, terrible or delightful, it is a further helping of experience, an additional joy after dark, another slice of life cut differently for whic seems to me, we are never sufficiently grateful.2. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty,a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions,demands the most active reading of which you are capable3. Although her characters were portrayed in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another.答案：1. 要 点：Silly or wise,terrible or delightful为平行结构，在句中作让步状语。

另外，句了的表语也是平行结 木勾，H卩 a further helping of experienee,an additional joy after dark,another slice of lifeo “it seems to me"为插入 语，插入到for which引导的定语从句中参考译文：不管愚爲还是聪明，可怕还是愉悦，梦中的生活都是更深一层的另一份体验，是天黑以后才 有的另一种欢乐，是生活的另一不同的侧而，对此我似乎觉得怎么感激也不为过2. 要 点：本句中，形容词短语rich in ideas and beauty作后置定语，修饰booko逗号间的部分"a book that../ 是插入语，补充说明a great book□关系代词which引导的是定语从句,修饰名词readingreading"在本 句中意思是"the act or practice of reading"参考译文：但一本思想丰富、文字华美，提出带根本性的重大问题并试图加以回答的杰作，则要求你尽 可能进行最积极的阅读3. 要心:：这是一个主复合右Jreflected 的宾i吾是 her profound conviction.that no human could be ... of another 是conviction的同位语从句。

该从句也是一个主从复合句by the often tragic outcome of their lives是状语，说 明reflectedo by在此处的意思是by means of often是副词，修饰形容词tragico由于reflected的宾语过场，所 以把by短语插在reflected和它的宾语之间，结果使reflected和它的宾语被分隔参考译文：如果幸福是建立在另一个人的痛苦之上，那就没有人会有幸福，她的这种深切信念全都反 映在一些人生结局通常都很悲惨的人物身上，虽然她笔下的人物出现在多种多样的背景和情节当中III.倒装结构除了上一章的插入结构，英语长句中另一个常用结构就是倒装结构英语中有时为了强调突出某一句子成分，或当否定词出现在句首时，或是由于同上文衔接等的缘故, 常常采用倒装的结构，即：把正常的主+谓+宾（表）+补+状的语序打乱，把应该在后面出现的成分提到 前面去，如：谓语出现在主语前面，谓语、宾语出现在主语前面，或状语放在句首等简单句中的倒装 较容易辨认，但在长句中当同其他的句子结构混在一起时，倒装结构的辨认就有一定的困难，有时会误 认为是其他的句子成分，如：分句独立结构，定语等，导致错判全句的主干，形成理解障碍。

l.Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall.要点：这是一个倒装句一-般否定词：only, little, seldom, few, hardly, scarecely, rarely 等开头 时，常可以采用倒装的形式來强调状语结构为“状语+助动词+主语+谓语+其他”不倒装的话，应为：the unemployment falls only when ... hours fall, when 引导的从句主干为: total production expands fastet than the rate ... plus the rate ... and minus the rate..., 最后一个rate又是由at which引导的从句修饰的。

Plus, minus是介词，不是动词而“乘"multiply、“除” divide 是及物动词,例如:Bmultiplied by 2 is 6;6 divided by 2 is 3）参考译文：只有当总产量增长快于劳工数量加产量的增长，并减去平均工作小吋时，失业率才会下 降2. In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of drought in the form of inactive eg。