第十八讲综合填空指导.doc

第十八讲综合填空指导综合填空（首字母填空）近儿年中考试题经常采用的题型2—，这种题型属于能力测 试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科这种题 型因难度相対较大，能拉开考生间的分差、提高区分度要做好此类题目，考生不但要有较 强的语感，善于体会上下文的内在联系，而且要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量一、 首字母填空特点及中考趋势：1） 首字母填空题答题时耍求既耍使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文 内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用它不仅考查 学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力2） 从近儿年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，儿乎涉及到 了十大词类；文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常 用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题，有一定的难度文章短小、 精致，字数通常在100〜150之间短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等 短文题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，女山英国人分期付款购房； 度假冋来的路上买家具的小故事；食物对不同年龄段的人的不同影响；被驯化的动 物可以为人们做事情等，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点。

二、 首字母填空三步走：1 •通读短文2•细读短文，认真分析，填写单词 3•细心检查1. 通读短文首先要对文章内容有个总体把握要通读首字母填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读, 了解全篇的主要内容其次要重视文中的主题句首字母填空选用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句, 往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处主题句提供全篇的性质、大意 等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口雹我们甚至能以主题句为立足点，从该句的吋态、语气推测 全文的主要内容2. 细读短文，认真分析，填写单词1）分析什么？• 在阅读过程中注意作好句法分析:通过句法分析弄清楚要填的词是在句中充当主语、谓语还是宾语等如果是主语或宾语，要填的应当是名词或代词；如果 是谓语，要填的就应是动词；如果是在名词前作定语或者在系动词后作表语， 要填的应当是形容词；如像We busy. He fine.之类的句子，busy,fine都是形容词，也就是说句中还无动词，这一泄是填系动词be, look等• 注意上、下文的关系，抓住语篇标志词 如but, although, first...then...finally等;• 结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式：是名词或代词要 考虑是该用单数还是用复数；是人称代词是用主格还是宾格；如果是动词就要 考虑是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；是谓语动词是主动语态还是被动语态，还要 考虑该用哪一种时态；是非谓语动词是用・ing形式，不定式还是用过去分词。

2)具体方法点拨：(1) 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：短语经常会岀现在首字母填空的考题中，如果 平时能注意词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律，在做首字母填空时就能得心应手, 减少失误女U： be good at, be interested in, make progress, at least, at most, at last, in this way, pay a visit to, take care of, a lot of, have a population of, get on well with, have a party, give sb sth, ask sb to do sth, be / get used to, spend...doing, so...that...等女口【()8 年 和平】...W his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much.从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”，with his help.(2) 依据语法知识进行填词：如【08年 和平)...It was a 1 earlier.从句中的earlier可以看出它是比较级，我们应该会想到修饰形容词比较级有哪些词，前血有a,那肯定就是 little.(3) 依据常识的积累进行填词：如台湾是中国最大的岛；道路、街道、河流等两边或两岸;还有待人接物中的常见礼仪;等等。

如【08年］ ...But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word "S Mr. White 迟到 了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S 「我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.(4) 依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：Some people worry a lot. They may worry about many things, such as their jobs, theirfamilies and anything that may happen in the future. H a some people dont worryabout anything!根据句意，“一些人担心很多事情， 一些人从不担心任何事情”，我们可以看出前后语意出现了转折，所以此处需要填一个表示转折意义的副词，且首字母提 示是h,不难填出 」（5） 一定注意上下句的联系：也就是老师常常提到的“信息复现”很多情况下，你要填 的单词在上文或者下文出现过了，所以说试卷中不是没有答案，而是你要有一双发现答案的 眼睛。

还有一个情况是在一句话中，可能会出现反义词，也就是说你要填的单词是上文或下 文中一个词的反义词Think about two people you know. How would you describe their personalities? Are theythe s ? Of course not! Everyone is different.你注意到下文的 different 了吗？根据句意，我们可以推断所填词应是和different意义相反的词所以填 「3・细心检查做完题后，请再快速读--遍短文，如果读着不顺，就有可能有错误三、实战演习1. 2010天津中考真题：Think about two people you know. How would you describe their personalities? Are they the s 81 ? Of course not! Everyone is different. Even identical twins have differentpersonalities.Some people are very outgoing （夕卜向的）and friendly. They like to be w 82 otherpeople all the time・ Maybe they like to be the centre of attention. And some people are quiet -■一maybe even s 83 ・ They can be friendly, too. But they like to be alone or with just a f84 friends.Some people worry a lot. They may worry about many things, such as their jobs, their families and anything that may happen in the future. H 85 , some people dont worryabout anything! They n 86 mind what is going on next. These people are very relaxed.Some people are hard-working. They always do their b 87 But some people are lazy. They don^t care about d 88 things right or getting things done on time.Hard-working people always get more chances than lazy o 89 in life.And don^t f 90 this: Everyone is defferent. That means you are special!81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89 90 [2011 上海】D. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable words .（在短文的空格内 填入适当的次，使其内容通顺.每空格限填一词，首字母已给）:（14分）At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. However, modem technology has c 92 all that.New technology has really opened up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may then start your own film-making