法医学课件：4 晚期死后变化.ppt

晚期死后变化•24小时以后发生的尸体变化称为晚期死后变化.–根据尸体保存是否完整,分为毁坏型和保存型两类.以下内容可能含有不舒服的图片 (18岁以下请在家长陪同下... )毁坏型晚期死后变化尸体腐败•尸体软组织因腐败细菌的作用而逐渐分解和消化的过程称为腐败.–尸臭:人死后3-6小时肠管内的腐败细菌开始产生以硫化氢和氨为主的腐败气体,从口和、鼻和肛门排出，具有特殊的腐败气味，称为尸臭•腐败细菌能产生大量的气体，使各器官组织胀气，特别是胃和肠管窜入表皮与真皮之间的腐败气体，形成大小不等的气泡，称为皮下腐败气泡腐败巨人观硫化氢+血红蛋白=硫化血红蛋白(尸绿)腐败静脉网纹Postmortem delivery霉尸•尸体处于适宜真菌生长的环境条件下,在裸露的局部或全身表面滋生出白色霉斑和霉丝称为霉尸.白骨化•尸体的软组织经腐败后完全溶解消失,毛发、指甲脱落,最后仅剩下骨骼,称为白骨化.The Buck Ruxton "Jigsaw Murders" case Neither Mrs. Ruxton nor Mary Rogerson had been seen after September 14, 1935. Dr. Buck Ruxton, Isabella Ruxton's husband and Mary Rogerson's employer, became the prime suspect. Prior to her disappearance, Dr. Ruxton had openly accused his wife of unfaithfulness and threatened her with violence. When first interviewed by the police, he had a gash on his hand, was agitated, and made inconsistent statements about where his wife and nursemaid had gone.Dr. Buck Ruxton, 1935 •Mrs. Isabella Ruxton Mrs. Ruxton was last seen on September 14, 1935. Dr. Ruxton claimed that she had gone with Mary Rogerson to Edinburgh, but her clothing was still in the house and the car that she used was parked outside•Mrs. Isabella Ruxton, 1935•A nursemaid for the Ruxton children, Mary Rogerson may have been killed because she witnessed Mrs. Ruxton's murder. Dr. Ruxton suggested to the police that the two had left together because Mary Rogerson was pregnant and Mrs. Ruxton was helping her obtain an abortion, which was then illegal. Mary Rogers, 1935 •Reconstructing the Bodies: Because the body parts of the two victims were jumbled and had to be reassembled, newspapers called the case the "Jigsaw Murders." Mrs. Ruxton reconstructed body, 1935 •The tips of the fingers of the victims were cut off to prevent fingerprint identification.  Investigators photographed the Skull No. 2 in the same orientation as an existing photograph of Mrs. Ruxton. Then they laid a photo-transparency of this skull over the portrait to establish that the skull was Mrs. Ruxton's.Skull no. 2, photograph B, 1935保存型尸体变化木乃伊•木乃伊 尸体处在干热或通风条件良好的环境中，水分迅速蒸发使尸体呈干枯状态，腐败终止，形成干尸。

•形成条件–环境条件–尸体条件木乃伊尸蜡•长时间埋于湿土或浸于水中的尸体，腐败进展缓慢，部分或尸体全身皮下脂肪组织因皂化或氢化作用，形成灰白色或黄白色蜡样物质，称为尸蜡尸 蜡浸软•妊娠8周以上的死胎，滞留子宫内不能完全被溶解吸收，而浸泡于无菌的羊水中，发生自溶改变，称为浸软浸软浸润程度•一度浸软：仅见表皮层内•二度浸软：浸软累及真皮层•三度浸软：浸软到达深部组织法医学意义•胎儿浸软是判断死胎的形态学改变•根据浸软的程度可帮助推断胎死宫内的时间Postmortem wounds produced by animals，insects and the othersPostmortem destruction of the body by fish and dog。