unit2Paragraphdevelopedbytime[共15页].ppt

Book2: Unit 2Book2: Unit 2Paragraph DevelopmentParagraph DevelopmentBy Time By Time 1)A better understanding of the features of paragraphs developed by time 2)Comprehend how to select relevant linking devices in developing paragraphs by time 3)Obtain the ability of writing on events in time order. Teaching objective today the features and organizational patterns of paragraphs developed by time relevant linking devices in developing paragraphs by time writing on events in time order.Teaching Focus2.1.1 Leading-in questions: Paragraph developmentl The writing need to be arranged in a clear and logical order. l One of the most basic and simplest methods of arranging details in a paragraph is to put them in order. And time order is also frequently used when we need to narrate. l Ordering information by time is especially useful in explaining a process, writing about historical events, or telling a story. 2.1 Development by time2.1 Development by time2.1.2 Organizational structure(1) warm-up activities: p18(2) Summary of knowledge: Pattern of development by time in the paragraph BThe supporting ideas of paragraph B are arranged in chronological order, i.e. from the beginning of a school term to the end of it. Paragraph development in chronological order is called development by time. That is, all the events are arranged in the same order as they actually occurred. 2.1 Development by timeChronological order brings time senseQChronological order presents ideas according to the time in which they occurred.Q Chronological order means that you begin with the very earliest and then progress to the most recent.TenseQOften simple past tense to tell a storyQSometimes past perfect tense2.1 Development by time2.1.3 linking Devices linking devices: words or phrases that help insure a smooth flow of ideas in writing(1)warm-up activities: p19Suggested answers to questions: Outline for the paragraph:Topic sentence: ( see p19) Supporting ideas: 1. During the first phase of the conflict, New England was the battleground.l1) The Minutemen （民兵）and the Redcoats (英国军人）fired the opening shots of the war at Lexington （美，肯塔基）at dawn of April 19, 1775.l2) Shortly afterwards, the New England colonists laid siege to（围攻） Boston, the location of the British headquarters. 2.1 Development by time2 in the second phase of the war, which began after the signing of the Declaration, both the British and the Americans made important military gains.l1) The British soldiers captured New York in the fall if 1776 and a year later they occupied Philadelphia.l2) Meanwhile, the Americans were able to seize New Jersey and Saratoga.（美，纽约）3. The fighting moved to the west and south during the last phase.l1) In 1778 and 1779 several battles occurred in Kentucky and Tennesseel2) Then two years later, the final battle of the war was fought at Yorktown, Virginia.2.1 Development by time(2) Summary of knowledge: linking devices Development by time in the paragraph First At dawn of April 19,1775 Shortly Afterwards Several months Before Second AfterIn the fall of 1776A year laterMeanwhileLastIn 1778 and 1779Then two years laterAt that time2.1 Development by time(2) Summary of knowledge: other linking devices: Development by time After before then afterwards Later soon once now First last finally eventually Next meanwhile after a while when During at last immediately while A short time later suddenly as soon as in the past ago in the morning2.1 Development by time2.1.4 Features of paragraph development by time (Summary of knowledge) In paragraphs developed by time, ideas are arranged in chronological order, that is, all the events are arranged in the same order as they actually occurred. Another important point is the use of linking devices, i.e. words or phrases that help insure a smooth flow of ideas in writing. We need to make a conscious effort to use these time indicators in writing paragraphs developed by time so that our writing will be effective and coherent. 2.2 Follow-up Exercises2.2.1 Follow-up Exercises p21-242.2.2 Suggested answers to the exercises 3. When I was a child, we never varied our Christmas Eve ritual. We always began our private celebration promptly at 6p.m. on December 24 when the whole family assembled in our small kitchen. We watched as Mother and my older sister prepared a light supper. As soon as we finished the meal, we rushed into the living room to decorate the tree. The younger children started the decorating by putting tinsel and colorful balls on the branches near the base of the tree. Meanwhile, the two older children 2.2 Follow-up Exercises were placing ornaments on the higher branches. Finally, our parents completed the decorating by placing a beautiful golden-haired angel at the very top of the tree. After we finished the tree, we hurriedly dressed and walked down the street to Midnight Mass. As we listened to the service, we remembered the reason we celebrated Christmas. Then we returned home where we ate some of Mothers Christ。