锂离子电池电解液基础知识介绍与发展中的东莞杉杉.pptx

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,4/25/2010,#,l,锂离子电池和电解液,l,l,锂离子电池电解液的组成和设计,锂离子电池电解液的功能和种类,l,电解液的指标分析和使用,l,东莞杉杉电解液的技术特色和产品格局,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,锂离子电池电解液基础知识介绍,与,发展中的东莞杉杉,1,锂离子电池和电解液,电解液在电池中的作用就是锂离子在电极之间的传输媒介，在电池工作过程中，电解,液保证锂离子传输的连续进行，是电池的重要组成部分Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,1.1,锂离子电池,高的电化学操作窗口需求,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,1.1,锂离子电池,长的循环寿命,300,次,1000,次,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,1.1,锂离子电池,表面化学的典型实例,SEI,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,1.2,几个重要的概念,（1）Nonaqueous（【化学】非水的）aprotic（非质子）,（2）Passivation（钝化）the,inert,component（惰性组分）,（3）The,redoxpotential（氧化还原电势）electrochemical,stability（电化学稳定性）,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,1.3,锂离子电池对电解液的基本要求,（1）要求是离子的良好导体和电子绝缘体，保证锂离子迁移和控制自放电；,（2）要求有宽电化学窗口，保证在工作电压下正极和负极表面电解液不发生分解；,（3）良好的热稳定性，使用温度范围尽可能宽；,（4）要求良好的化学稳定性，和隔膜、活性物质、,集流体、包装物不发生化学反应；,（5）安全、低毒，对环境友好；,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,l,l,锂离子电池中电解液的作用就是Li+从一个电极传输到另一个电极的传输媒介。

工作过,程中，电解液保证Li+传输的连续稳定地进行，是电池的重要组成部分电解液的主要组成部分如下：,有机溶剂：EC/DMC/DEC/EMC/PC/,锂,盐:,LiPF,6,添,加,剂:,VC/BP/ES/PS,contaminate：N,2,/CO,2,/O,2,/HF/H,2,O,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,2,锂离子电池电解液的基本组成和设计,（3）,化学稳定性好，不和电池其他部件发生反应；,（4）,液体范围宽,，沸点要高，溶点要低；,碳,酸,酯,（5）安全，无毒，经济；,电解质盐,（1）,可溶解能力强,，容易溶解在溶剂中,（2）,电化学稳定性好,（3）,对电池其他组成,化学稳定性,好,（4）,无毒，热稳定性好,六氟磷 酸锂,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,2.1,理想的锂离子电池电解液的有机溶剂,/,电解质的要求,有机溶剂：,（1）,介电常数高,，溶解锂盐能力强；,（2）流体的,粘度低,，有利于离子迁移；,2.2,电解液中有机溶剂的基本组成环状碳酸酯和链状碳酸酯,介电常数要高，粘度低有利于提高离子电导率,矛盾：介电常数高的溶剂极性自然大，因此粘度高,热稳定性好，使用温度宽,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,Ionic,conductivity,：,Thermal,stability：,LiAsF6,LiPF6,LiTf,LiClO4,LiBF4,LiIm,LiAsF6,LiTf,LiBF4,LiClO4,LiTf,LiPF6,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,2.3,锂电电解液中的锂盐,性能比较,Average,ion,mobility：,LiBF4,LiClO4,LiPF6,LiAsF6,LiTf,LiIm,Dissociation,constant：,LiTf,LiBF4,LiClO4,LiPF6,LiAsF6,LiIm,2.4,锂电电解液中的各种添加剂一,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,2.4,锂电电解液中的各种添加剂二,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,粘度,.,.,.,.,.,250,200,150,.,00,.,2.0,0,40,.,600,.,8.0,100,.,1.0,20,140,.,配比,D,E,C,/,DM,C,D,M,C,/,EM,C,D,E,C,/,EM,C,P,C,/,D,EC,P,C,/,E,MC,M,P,C,/,EM,C,P,C,/,M,PC,100,050,000,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,2.5,电解液的配方设计：需要实现对多孔复合电极的润湿和渗透,三元体系粘度曲线图(EC:35%;V:100r/min),l,Passivation,Phenomena,in,Electrochemistry,The,kinetics,of,the,simplest,solid,electrolyte,interphase,(SEI),electrode,should,include,three,stages:,charge,transfer,across,the,solution-film,interface,ion,migration,through,the,surface,films,and,charge,transfer,in,the,film-metal,interface.,It,is,reasonable,to,assume,that,the,ion,migration,is,the,rate-,determining,step.,SEI,ELECTRODE,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,2.5,电解液的配方设计：SEI膜的稳定性控制,l,l,l,l,溶点和沸点的问题,SEI的高温稳定性问题和低温传导能力,锂盐的稳定性控制,低温条件下的粘度的问题,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,2.5,电解液的配方设计：电解液的高低温性能的控制,l,l,l,l,l,Ethers,（醚）,These,include,diethyl,ether;,members,of,the,glyme,family,namely,polyethers,of,the,type,(e.g.,dimethoxyethene,for,n=l),cyclic,ethers,such,as,tetrahydrofuran,(THF),and,2-,methyl,tetrahydrofuran;,and,cyclic,acetals,such,as,1-3,dioxolane.,Esters,（酯）,These,include,methyl,formate,methyl,and,ethyl,acetate,and,GBL,Alkyl,carbonates,These,include,cyclic,compounds,such,as,butylene,propylene,and,ethylene,carbonates,(BC,PC,EC),and,linear,compounds,such,as,dimethyl,diethyl,carbonates,ethyl-methyl,carbonate,etc.,(DMC,DEC,EMC).,Inorganic,Solvents,The,most,common,inorganic,solvents,used,in,batteries,were,(thionylchloride),and,(sulfuryl,chloride).,The,former,solvent,was,used,in,both,secondary,and,primary,Li,battery,systems,while,the,latter,could,only,be,used,in,primary,Li,batteries,34.,Miscellaneous,Solvents,such,as,acetonitrile,nitromethane,N,N-dimethyl,formamide,dimethyl,sulfoxide,sulfolane,and,methyl,chloride,are,also,often,used,in,nonaqueous,electrochemical,studies.,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,2.5,电解液的配方设计：电化学窗口问题（,3.6,4.2V,）,The,nonaqueous,solvents,that,are,commonly,used,in,electrochemistrycan,be,classified,as,follows,33:,2.5,电解液的配方设计：电化学窗口问题,和纯度和杂质有关,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,常规型电解液,安全型电解液：过充型、阻燃型；,高温型电解液,低温型电解液,动力型电解液,高容量型电解液,长循环寿命型电解液,电池类型分类：,钢壳电解液,圆柱电解液,铝壳电解液,软包装电解液,l,电池类型分类：,液态电解液,凝胶电解液,Generated,by,Foxit,PDF,Creator,Foxit,Software,For,evaluation,only.,3,锂离子电池电解液种类,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,For,anode,passivation,For,cathode,protection,For,overcharge,protection,For,wetting,For,flame,retardation,For,improving,electrolyte,conductivity,Other,functions,desired?,Over-discharge,protecti。