功能对等理论相关文献.docx

Literature review----The history and development of functional equivalenceThose who insist functional equivalence define that translation is a unique way of human being's activity with specific intentions, which is language service item for customers 、readers 、 function and aims of the text in society circumstance.Baker tell us that the process of translation should not been limited by original text and it'sinfluence to the translated or even the certain function which author use in the text. Meanwhile, he got the result that translation is certainly depend on the needs that readers and users aims to translate text eventually.Eugene A. Nada, a famous America translator, got the functional Equivalence in his book ofLanguage and Culture: Translation Context in 2001. First of all, a minimal, realistic definitionoffunctional equivalence: The readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to thepoint that they can conceive of how theoriginal readers of the text must have understood andappreciated it.Secondly, idealistic offunctionalequivalence: The readers of atranslatedtextshould be ableto understand and appreciate itin essentially the same manneras the originalreaders did.Nada start his research of translation theory, which has significantly influenced on people inthe field of translation. Because he gave his ideas that combine this two concepts of function andmeanings will be better for a word to have the true meaning in specific language context. Thetheory of functional equivalence was widely used in translation research and practice; however, itwas just used in the field of literaturetranslation.In 70 to 80s of last century, therecame toGerman functional equivalence scholars, which is a sign of transforming fromfunctions alone tocombine with communication for researching.(ChenJuan, foreignstudiesofShanghaiuniversity, 2008)The functional Equivalence emphases that translationis a process of whichuse the mostsuitable and natural words to reproduce the original in the text from it's meanings to terms. Onthe one hand, functional equivalencedescribes equivalence as the standard of translation andalso a part of the core concept in modern translation.Many western language scholars alwaysadopt the functional equivalence when they give their ideas about translation. While the earliestone gave the functional equivalence is George Camber, the founder of equivalence, who insists toconnect the meanings of word with intentionof using it in 18th century. In 1934,the SovietUnion literature scholar Seamier gave his ideaof equivalence, which explains it theoreticallyinthe writer ’s prospective and then the Equivalence formed initially. (Zhang Li, Journal ofXianNingCollege , 2010, 76-77)Alexander Fraser Tyler figured out the Three Principles in his Essay on the Principles ofTranslation, which sets three criteria rules for translating in 1790. The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work, which means that the translated should beas functional as possible in transforming the original information to readers. The style and1manner of writing in the translation should be of the same character with that of the original. It gives the translator a implying that they need to describe character of the original as fairly as possible, otherwise the translated would not be properly understood by readers.Liu Chong De, a well-known Chinese translator, gave his views of faithfulness 、expressiveness of translation in 1994. Faithfulness, namely, the translated should be faithful to the content of the original. Expressiveness means to be as expressive as the original.参考文献Jan De Ward. Eugene Albert Nada. From One Language to Another.Functional Equivalence inBible Translating. Nelson. 1986电影字幕中文化因素的翻译《中国电力教育》2008 年第 19 期窦强 浅谈电影字幕翻译《大众商务》2009年第 08期Eugene Albert Nada Language. Culture and Translation. Shanghai Foreign Language EducationPress. 1993Eugene A, Nada & Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practiceof Translation. Shanghai ForeignLanguage Education Press.2004.方琰， 曹莉编 . 《经典电影精彩片断语言评析》.北京； 清华大学出版社 . 2001.Grossman, The Translation Debate 75.高捷 ;从 Nida 的功能对等理论看中国民俗词语的翻译[D]; 西安电子科技大学 ;2011 年郝琨 功能派视觉下的英语导游词研究长春教育学院学报2010第 2 期金丽 ;;功能对等理论指导下的科技英语长句翻译[J]; 宁波广播电视大学学报 ;2010 年 01 期金 1 等效翻译探索 (增订版 ) 1 北京 : 中国对外翻译出版公司 ,1998李运兴 字幕翻译的策略 《中国翻译》 2001 年第 04 期李养龙 刘颖 字幕英译策略的句法分析 《四川外国语学报》 2007 年第 01 期李弘梅； 奈达“功能对等 ”理论在品牌翻译中的应用 [j]; 齐齐哈尔大学学报（哲学社会科学版）； 2007 年 04 期.李红霞 动态功能对等翻译的合理性及其破缺——奈达翻译理论一瞥 广东行政学院510053李波 ;张晶 ;; 浅谈尤金 ·奈达的 “功能对等 ”和德国功能派 “目的论 ”的差异性 [J]; 黑龙江教育学院学报 ;2010 年 02 期Li Y。