动词的时态和语态考点高考专用.ppt
26页
2004-2006年全国及北京卷时态年全国及北京卷时态考查的部分统计考查的部分统计2004年年2005年年2006年年现在完成时现在完成时 715241过去完成时过去完成时 713241现在进行时现在进行时 211111过去进行时过去进行时 423031一般现在时一般现在时 306153一般过去时一般过去时 427342一般将来时一般将来时 411121其它其它现在完成进行现在完成进行时时 1 /1将来完成时将来完成时 1/1将来进行时将来进行时 1 / 0现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时 高考常考动词的时态和语态高考常考动词的时态和语态一般现在时一般现在时 do /does be (am/is/are) done一般过去时一般过去时 did was done一般将来时一般将来时 will do will be done过去将来时过去将来时 would do would be done现在进行时现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done过去进行时过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done现在完成时现在完成时 have/has donehave/has been done过去完成时过去完成时 had done had been done将来完成时将来完成时 will have done will have been done现在现在/过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 have been doing/ had been doing动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 1 一般现在时一般现在时 考点考点:在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作(主将从现主将从现):When you come next time, bring me some magazines. We shall go there tomorrow, if time allows. Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 表时间引导词表时间引导词: when; before; until/till; as soon as; the moment; immediately表条件引导词表条件引导词: if; unless; once表让步引导词表让步引导词: whenever; no matter when; even if/even though; in case If he comes back, I will tell him when he _____ to see you again.A.comes B. is going to come C. will come D. cameB.(06上海上海)Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _____ home.C.A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. writeCD (06全全I) 2l. The house belongs to my aunt but she______ here any more.A.hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. doesn't live(06浙浙) 6. This machine _______. It hasn’t worked for years.A. didn’t work B. wasn’t workingC. doesn’t work D. isn’t working(06全全II)20. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ____ rising these days.A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 2 一般过去时一般过去时 考点考点:通常与表示过去时间的状语如通常与表示过去时间的状语如 yesterday, last year, in 1980, just now, three weeks ago , at that time , then, in my childhood, at the age of 10, once ,in those days等连用。
等连用06全全I) 29. The water ______ cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels (06江西江西)21. My cousin went to Canada two yours ago. He ____ there for a few months and then went to America．． A．．worked B．．would work C．．would be working D. has been working(06津津)4. What we used to think ______impossible now does seem possible.A. is B. was C. has been D . will be(06陕陕)7. —You look very tired. _______at all last night? —No, not really. I’m tired out now. A. Do you sleep B. Were you sleeping C. Did you sleep D. Had you slept 3 一般将来时一般将来时考点考点 通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next year, how soon, in two days(过两天过两天), in the future 一般将来时是由一般将来时是由“will / shall + 动词原形动词原形”构成的构成的(shall只限于第只限于第一人称一人称),其否定式其否定式shall not 和和will not 常简略为常简略为shan’t 和和won’t。
一般将来时的常用结构一般将来时的常用结构①①用于用于“I expect, I’m sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句宾语从句”中中Don’t worry about the exam. I’m sure you’ll pass. I don’t think the test will be very difficult. ②②用于用于“祈使句祈使句 + and + 陈述句陈述句”中中Work hard and you will succeed. Go at once , or you will miss her. ③③与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用I’ll let you know as soon as he arrives. If you ask him, he will help you. We shall go unless it rains. 将来时间的其他表达法将来时间的其他表达法:1) be going to + 动词原形动词原形 will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的；表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的； be going to则表示则表示事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。
事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的 — George phoned while you were out. — Ok. I’ll phone him back. （临时决定）（临时决定） — Matthew phoned while you were out. — Yes, I know. I’m going to phone him back. （早有安排）（早有安排）2) “am/is/are+ 动词动词ing”的形式，即用进行式表示将来的形式，即用进行式表示将来这种结构用来表示按计划或安排将要做的动作，多用于瞬间动词，这种结构用来表示按计划或安排将要做的动作，多用于瞬间动词，如如go, come, leave, arrive, close, fly , start, take等Where are you going this afternoon?The president is flying to New York this weekend. 3) “am/is/are about+动词不定式动词不定式”这种结构表示打算或这种结构表示打算或安排即将发生的动作，通常不与时间状语连用安排即将发生的动作，通常不与时间状语连用, 常与常与when连用构成并列句连用构成并列句: I was about to go out when the telephone rang.4) “be +动词不定式动词不定式”这一结构也表示计划，安排即将发这一结构也表示计划，安排即将发生的动作。
生的动作 The headmaster is to meet us at 10:00 am. 4 过去将来时是由过去将来时是由“would/should + 动词原形动词原形”构成的06川川) Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ___ off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken (06北京北京)27. --- _______ leave at the end of this month. --- I don’t think you should do that until ________ another job. A. I’m going to ; you’d found B. I’m going to ; you’ve found C. I’ll ; you’ll find D. I’ll ; you’d find(06北京北京) 30. --- Your job ________ open for your return. --- Thanks. A. will be keptB. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept(06辽辽)29. I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phones, for I sometimes want to make sure if he _____ home for dinner. A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come(06福建福建)24.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane________. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 5 现在进行时和过去进行时现在进行时和过去进行时 考点考点:与现在进行时连用的时间状语有与现在进行时连用的时间状语有now, today, in these days, this week, this year, right now 等。
等与过去进行时连用的时间状语有与过去进行时连用的时间状语有at that time, in those days, this time 以及时间状语从句以及时间状语从句等过去进行时的特殊用法过去进行时的特殊用法a.表示故事发生的背景表示故事发生的背景It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. b. 过去进行时还可和过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应，含有意外之意结构遥相呼应，含有意外之意I was walking in the street when someone called me. We were playing outside when it began to rain. (06重庆)21.I have to go to work by taxi because my car_______ at the garage.A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired (06徽徽)25．．I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ．．A．．went; was occurring B．．went; occurredC．．was going; occurred D．．was going; had occurred11. ----Hey , look where you are going! ----Oh , I’m terrible sorry . . A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice 6 现在完成时现在完成时 考点考点:现在完成时的构成形式是现在完成时的构成形式是“have / has +过去分词过去分词”。
表示发生在表示发生在过去并已完成但对现在仍有影响或产生结果的动作过去并已完成但对现在仍有影响或产生结果的动作常用的状语常用的状语有有:a.不确定的过去时间状语：不确定的过去时间状语：already, yet, before, recently, lately b.频度时间状语：频度时间状语：often, sometimes, ever, never, once, rarely c.since + 具体时间，具体时间，表示动作或状态从过去开始到现在表示动作或状态从过去开始到现在 d.until/by now, up till now, so far, up to the moment 到目前为到目前为止止 e.for + 一段时间一段时间，表示动作或状态持续了多久，表示动作或状态持续了多久f.in/during the past/last five years 在刚刚过去的在刚刚过去的5年里年里 g.在在“It is + 一段时间一段时间+since”结构中，结构中，It is也可改用也可改用It has been. It is (has been) a year since I came to this school. (It was ten years since we had had such a good time.)h.在在“It is the first time (that) …”中中, that从句中用现从句中用现在完成时。
在完成时 It is the first time that I have visited Guangzhou.( It was the third time that I had made the same mistakes.)(06浙浙)16. My friend, who ______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.A. served B. is servingC. had served D. has served 7 过去完成时过去完成时 考点考点:过去完成时是由过去完成时是由“had+过去分词过去分词”构成的过去完成时表示的时间构成的过去完成时表示的时间是是“过去的过去过去的过去”，这一概念通常通过，这一概念通常通过by介词短语（截至介词短语（截至…时间）、时间）、before和和after引导的时间状语从句后上下文来表示引导的时间状语从句后上下文来表示 1. By the time he was ten, …; by that time; by the end of…; before 2000; 2. intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。
词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事 I had meant to come, but something happened. I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. 3. 常用在常用在hardly/scarcely/barely … when… / no sooner … than … 等结构中，表示等结构中，表示“刚刚刚刚……就就……” Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 将来完成时的构成是由将来完成时的构成是由“shall/ will + have +过去分词过去分词”构成的构成的 ①①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响产生影响We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到这个学期末，我们将学完到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
个单元By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍8 将来完成时将来完成时 考点考点:(04北京北京)27.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed C 现在完成进行时是由现在完成进行时是由“have/has been + 现在分词现在分词”构构成的成的,强调自过去某时间一直持续进行到现在强调自过去某时间一直持续进行到现在He is ill. He’s been lying in bed for three weeks. 他他病了，已经卧床病了，已经卧床3个星期了个星期了现在完成进行时常和现在完成进行时常和all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及等状语以及since和和for引导的状语连用。
引导的状语连用I have been reading Hemingway’s Farewell to Arms recently. 我最近一直在读海明威的我最近一直在读海明威的《《永别了，武器永别了，武器》》She has been reciting the words all the morning. 她她整个上午都在背单词整个上午都在背单词9 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 考点考点:辨辨: She was reciting the words this morning. ①①现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？你最近常和他见面吗？Have you met him recently? 你最近见到过他吗？你最近见到过他吗？②②现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小我一直等了你两个小时。
可能表示不满）时可能表示不满）I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时说明我等了你两个小时说明一个事实）一个事实）③③现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果Who has been eating the oranges? 谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）（还剩余一些）Who has eaten the oranges? 谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）不剩）10 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较 (全全I) 31.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ________ yesterday.A. was happening B. happensC. has happened D. happened(全全II) 12.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he ___ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned(06广东广东)32. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She before.A. hasn't flown B. didn't fly C. hadn't flown D. wasn't flying(06湖南湖南)24.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given 11 过去完成进行时是由过去完成进行时是由“had been + 现在分词现在分词”构成。
构成She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考试之前一直患重感冒她在考试之前一直患重感冒1) get+过去分词过去分词”结构结构被动语态除常用被动语态除常用“be +过去分词过去分词”构成外，还可用构成外，还可用“get+过去分词过去分词”结构这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果 The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 那孩子骑车上那孩子骑车上学时受伤了学时受伤了. (get married, get dressed; get burnt, get stuck… )2) 像像cost, weigh, measure等动词表示数量、重量、大小或程度时，等动词表示数量、重量、大小或程度时，不能用被动语态不能用被动语态 This kind of dictionary costs ten dollars. Each stone weighs one ton. The room measures 120 square metres.12 被动语态常被动语态常考点考点: 3) 动词动词read, write, translate, act, add, wash, wear, cook, lock, sell, tear, cut, keep, feel, burn, last, run, record等常和表示行为等常和表示行为方式的状语连用，用主动式表示被动意义。
方式的状语连用，用主动式表示被动意义The book sells well. 这书的销路很好这书的销路很好 My pen writes smoothly. 我的笔很好写我的笔很好写The machine runs well. 机器运转良好机器运转良好His voice records well. 他的音录下来很好他的音录下来很好The play reads more easily than acts. 这剧本易读不易演这剧本易读不易演This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 meters wide. 这个这个大厅长大厅长100米，宽米，宽60 米 4) smell, look, sound, taste, feel, seem等系动词无被动式等系动词无被动式.5)不可拆开的短语动词，如不可拆开的短语动词，如take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of等不用被动语态等不用被动语态The book belongs to me. 这本书是我的这本书是我的 (06陕陕)12. The construction of the two new railway lines ___ by now. A. has been completed B. have been completed C. has completed D. have completed (06上海上海)When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected (06重庆重庆) 30.Customers are asked to make sure that they ______ the right change before leaving the shop.A. will give B. have been givenC. have given D. will be given 6 6 在动词在动词wantwant、、needneed、、requirerequire等等后面常用动名词表示被动含义，等后面常用动名词表示被动含义，等于不定式的被动形式。
于不定式的被动形式 •The bike needs (wants) repairing. ( = to be repaired )•Your clothes require washing. ( = to be washed ) 7 7 worthworth后跟动名词主动形式表示被后跟动名词主动形式表示被动，但是不跟不定式的被动动，但是不跟不定式的被动 •This novel is well worth reading.•It well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.•The food is not worth eating.•This novel is worthy of being read a second time. •be dressed in / be lost in / be faced with / be caught in/ be seated *He is seated at the back of the classroom. He felt nervous with so many people seated at the back of the classroom.*It is said that the book has been translated into Chinese. The book is said to have been translated into Chinese.8 注意一些特殊句式注意一些特殊句式: Homework: 。
