考研英文写作 文章的构建模式.docx

考研英文写作 文章的构建模式　　英语写作一般包括一个开头段、一至两个扩展段和一个结尾段开头段和结尾段一般比扩展段短各种段落的作用、特点和写作方法如下所示　　一、开头段　　开头段肯定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题开头段一般不对主题进展深入的探讨，详细的论证或表达应当在扩展段进展一般在开头段写四、五句即可　　开头段的作用：概括陈述主题，提出观点或论点，说明写作意图　　【写作要点】　　写开头段时考生应当避开的若干问题:　　1) 开头偏离主题太远；　　2) 使用愧疚或埋怨之词句；　　3) 内容不详细，言之无物；　　4) 使用不言自明的陈述　　【方法例释】　　写作文时，好多考生也是觉得开头难，其实，写开头段有多种表达方法，如主题句法、提问法、引语法、数据法、背景法、定义法，等等，下面分别讲解开头的几种绽开方法:　　1. 主题句法：开篇点明主题，用主题句，然后围绕主题内容进展进展例如：　　Now people become increasingly aware of the importance of acquiring a mastery of a foreign language. To them, the knowledge of a foreign language, say, English, often means a good opportunity for one？s career, even a passport to a prosperous future. Many of them equate success in life with the ability of speaking a foreign language.　　2. 提问法：提出有争议或探讨性的详细问题，然后加以简要答复或绽开引导性简短争论。

例如：　　What do you want from your work? Money? Promotions? Interesting challenges? Continual learning? Work？based friendships? The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials? Though we are all individuals and so our answers will differ, all agree that work provides more than material things.　　3. 引语法：使用引语(use a quotation)：使用一段名人名言，或人们常用的谚语、习语，以确定文章的写作范围和方向例如：　　“Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them.”Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success.　　4. 数据法：使用详细详实的数字或数据，然后作出概括性分析，指明问题的症结所在。

例如：　　In the past 5 years, there has been a marked decline in the number of young married couples who want to have children, coupled with a growing trend toward delayed childbearing. According to official statistics, in 2022, about 28 percent of married couples with wives under 35 gave no birth to children, compared with the 1993 level of 8 percent.　　5. 背景法：给出背景，描述详细大事的时间、地点和发生背景等，例如：　　Once in a newspaper I read of a crowd of people who remained appallingly indifferent to the plea of a mother. As she failed to offer the required amount of cash as a price to save her drowning son, the woman at last watched her son sink to death. The story is not rare in newspapers and on TV, and the casualness and detachment our people now have developed has aroused nationwide concern.　　6. 定义法：针对争论的主题或问题加以定义，然后进展深入探讨。

例如：　　It is but a step from the sublime to the ridiculous.　　从崇高到荒唐只有一步之遥Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to change. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you learn to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as rigidity deprives you of the opportunity to see new possibilities. Paradigms change over time, and so must you. Your company may restructure, and you will have to survive. Your spouse may choose to leave the marriage, and you will have to cope. Technology will continue to advance and change, and you must constantly learn and adapt or risk becoming a dinosaur. Flexibility allows you to be ready for whatever curve lies ahead in life instead of getting blindsided by it.　　【他山之石】　　开头段常用核心句型　　开头段的常用核心句型，选一选适合你自己的“武器”：　　1) The arguer may be right about..., but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that ....　　2) Contrary to generally accepted views, I argue that....　　3) There is an element of truth in this argument, but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that....　　4) It is true that ..., but this is not to say that....　　5) The main / obvious problem with this argument is that it is blind to the basic fact that....　　6) It would be natural / reasonable to think that..., but it would be absurd to claim that....　　7) In all the discussion and debate over..., one important fact is generally overlooked / neglected.　　8) There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that....　　9) To assume that...is far from being proved.　　10) A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless) it is.　　11) On the surface (At first thought), it may seem an attractive idea, but on second thought, we find that....　　12) Too much emphasis placed on...may obscure other facts....　　13) The problem / fact is that....　　14) However logical this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.　　15) As far as I am concerned, I believe that....　　16) Although I appreciate that..., I cannot agree with ....　　17) Those who object to ... argue that.... But people who favor..., on the other hand, argue that....　　18) Currently, there is a general concern over....　　19) Now it is widely acknowledged that.... But I wonder whether....　　20) These days we often hear about ..., but is this really the case?　　Ordinary people think merely of how they will spend time, a man of intellect tries to use it.　　常人只想如何消磨时间，智者则努力利用时间。

　　二、中间段　　中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进展详细和详实的解释和论证中间段的篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长，每段有相应的主题句，说明主题思想的扩展句可以采纳实例、数据或个人经受等写作手段不同种类的段落采纳不同的扩展手段　　【写作要点】　　中间段的详细写作要点如下：　　1) 所涉及内容应当精确、清晰，颇具说服。