初一英语语言知识点与练习题.doc

初一英语语言知识点和练习题定义动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词它可以支配宾语,也能被副 词修饰动名词有时态和语态的变化解释:动词的 ing 形式如果是名词 ,这个词称动名词一、动名词的作用动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等 1、作主语Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作 不是愉快而是痛苦动名词作主语,有时先用 it 作形式主语,把动名词置于句末这种用法在习惯句 型中常用如:It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪 费时间It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。

It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑动名词作主语的几种类型动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分在这里仅就动名词在 句子中作主语的情况进行讨论动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:1. 直接位于句首做主语例如:Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语置于句尾作后置主语动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后例如: It is no use telling him not to worry.常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable, interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile, 等注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构3. 用于―There be结‖构中例如:There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。

4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中例如:No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here .No parking.5. 动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构 成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语动名词 的复合结构也可以在句中作主语例如:Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.6.例词shopping fishing cycling 这些都是很常见的动名词二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语在意义上相近但动名词多用来表示泛 指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作比较:Smoking is not good for health.It is not good for you to smoke so much.注意:1 在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见2 在―It is no use...‖,―It is no good...‖,―It is fun...‖,―It is a waste of time...‖ 等句型 中,通常用动名词作真实主语:It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.3 在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语: Does your saying that mean anything to him?*Does for you to say that mean anything to him?4 在―There be‖句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语:There is no telling what will happen.It is impossible to tell what will happen.5 当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表 语在形式上要求统一:Seeing is believing.*To see is to believe.2、作宾语(1 作动词的宾语某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。

常见的 此类动词有:advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can‘t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to 等如:They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走,说个不停I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事2 作介词的宾语We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定 新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?(3 作形容词的宾语The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备3、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或 what 引导的名词性 从句表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位 置Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户Cleaning the windows is your task.What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途如:a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readinga measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping二、动名词的逻辑主语带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。

当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的 主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复 合结构其中物主代词(名词所有格是逻辑上的主语,动名词是逻辑上的谓语动名 词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句如:Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.Jane‘s being careless caused so much trouble. 简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.What‘s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足 (=What‘s troubling them is that they have not enough food.在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词 所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。

如: Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗?The father insisted on his son‘s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大 学Mary‘s (不可用 Mary being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着 急His (不可用 Himsmoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气 在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语: a.无命名词The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门 声吵醒b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗? c. 两 个以上的有生命名词并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告 诉过你这事吗?三、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下:时态主动语态被动语态一般式writingbeing written完成式having writtenhaving been written其否定形式是在 doing 前加上 not1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现 在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。

如:I hate talking wit。