药理学复习归纳总结-.doc

out city created, and care masses life, focus work, in-depth investigation, more out boutique masterpiece, makes we of research results more to into led of decision vision, more to in national some has effect of newspaper Shang published, for advance work, and publicity changde play due of role. Third, information submitted to be pragmatic. Quick and timely. The ancients said: for the time system; statement back for the time being, nothing. Therefore, the submission of information to do "four", that is, find the problem faster, editorial writing, send and read faster approval and feedback to implement quickly. To be true and accurate. True mainly reflect the full picture of events, one is one, two, this is the life of the information. Accuracy is primarily qualitative and quantitative questions, quantitative objective of publicQualitative logic. To be reliable and useful. We submit information to have access to decision-making, to guide and promote the work and solve practical problems. Mixed cum. On the negative information and emergency information, rapid escalation in strict accordance with the procedures, firm, newspaper, newspapers, never late, fail to report, false claim and skimming. Investee 2. supervision and insist on, around and protecting their interests to touch the truth, seek practical results. Adhere to people-oriented, the most important thing is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. We carry out inspection, so must go deep among the masses, go deep into the realities, always pay attention to the peoples livelihood, to grasp the public sentiment, and earnestly safeguard the benefit, addressing the masses are most concerned about and reflecting the strongest issues, efforts to solve the problem of decisions implemented and not implemented. One is to stick to principles. Right of inspection is one of the most important powers of the Office, should not only dare to use, but also with caution. So-called dared to use, is to hold a number of important issues, bold supervision over supervision, track inspection, problems are not solved do not pass, the blame does not hold did not miss, dissatisfaction of the masses did not miss, the real right of supervision authority, with the benefits. Call with caution, is supervising departments should strengthen the consciousness of authorized strictly according to procedure, preventing the supervision and excessive to prevent adding burden to grass-roots. To this end, the supervision Department of the Party Committee of supervision must be under city and County party Committee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the Governor, those related to the globalEvent, Governor the protracted difficult, strong Governor during emergency urgent. Not having special departments in charge of the General Governor, under the normal procedure can do good things not Governor, not authorized by County leaders, not the Governor. Third is to solve the problem. The purpose of supervision, to resolve the problem. To adhere to and further improve the药理学归纳总结药理学复习归纳总结各章节名词解释汇总1、药理学（pharmacology）：是研究药物与机体或病原体相互作用的规律和原理的一门学科。

2、药物效应动力学：主要研究药物对机体的作用及其作用机制，以阐明药物防治疾病的规律3、药物代谢动力学：主要研究药物在机体的影响下所发生的变化及其规律包括药物在机体内的吸收、分布、生物转化（或称代谢）及排泄的过程，特别是血药浓度随时间而变化的规律4、药物作用：是指药物对机体的初始作用，是动因；药理效应是药物作用的结果，是机体的表现5、简单扩散（simple diffusion）：脂溶性药物溶解于细胞膜的脂质层，顺浓度差通过细胞膜，又称脂溶性扩散，是一种被动转运方式，绝大多数药物按此方式通过生物膜6、吸收（absorption）：药物自用药部位进入血液循环的过程7、首关消除：从胃肠道吸收入门静脉系统的药物在到达全身血液循环前必先通过肝脏，如果肝脏对其代谢能力强，或者胆汁排泄量大，则进入全身血液循环的有效药物量明显减少，这种作用称为首关消除8、分布（distribution）：药物吸收后从血液循环到达机体各个器官和组织的过程9、代谢（metabolism，生物转化）：药物作为外源性物质在体内经酶或其他作用使药物的化学结构发生变化的过程10、排泄（excretion）：是药物以原形或代谢产物的形式经不同途径排出体外的过程。

11、肠肝循环（enterohepatic cycle）：部分药物经肝脏转化形成极性较强的水溶性代谢产物，被分泌到胆汁内经由胆道及胆总管进入肠腔，然后随粪便排泄，经胆汁排入肠腔的药物部分可再经小肠上皮细胞吸收经肝脏进入血液循环，这种肝脏、胆汁、小肠之间的循环12、一级动力消除学：是体内药物按恒定比例消除，在单位时间内的消除量与血浆药物浓度成正比13、零级消除动力学：是体内药物按恒定的量消除，即恒定的速率，不论血浆药物浓度高低，单位时间内消除的药物的量不变14、药物不良反应（adverse raaction）：凡是与用药目的无关，并为患者带来不适或痛苦的反应15、后遗效应（residual effect）：是指停药后血药浓度已降至阈浓度以下时残存的药理效应16、停药反应（withdrawal reaction）：是指突然停药后原有疾病加剧，又称回跃反应17、效价强度（potency）：是指能引起等效反应（一般采用50%效应量）的相对浓度或剂量，其值越小则强度越大18、解离常数KD：是指引起50%最大效应时所需的药物剂量/浓度KD与药物-受体之间的亲和力成反比，KD越小，药物与受体之间的亲和力越大。

19、PD2：药物-受体复合物解离常数KD的负对数（-lgKD）为PD2，PD2值与药物和受体之间的亲和力成正比20、肾上腺素作用的翻转：α受体阻断药能选择性与α肾上腺素受体结合，其本身不激动或较弱激动肾上腺素受体，却能阻碍去甲肾上腺素能神经递质及肾上腺素受体激动药与α受体结合，从而产生抗肾上腺素的作用即它们能够将肾上腺素的升压作用翻转为降压作用的现象21、内在拟交感活性（ISA）：有些β肾上腺素受体阻断药能阻断β受体外，对β受体亦有部分激动作用的活性，这种作用较弱，通常被β受体阻断作用掩盖，具有内在拟交感活性的β受体阻断药可减少由于β受体阻断而导致的支气管收缩、心衰和房室传导阻滞等不良反应22、膜稳定作用：是指药物抑制细胞膜对离子的通透性膜稳定作用在常规剂量下并不显著，只有在过量时才比较明显23、镇静催眠药：是一类抑制中枢神经系统功能、起镇静催眠作用的药物24、癫痫（epilepsy）：是由脑组织局部病灶的神经元异常高频放电，并向周围扩散，导致大脑功能短暂失调综合征，主要临床表现为突然发作，短暂运动、感觉、意识、精神异常，反复发作，发作时伴有异常脑电波25、中枢神经系统退行性疾病：是指一组由慢性进行性中枢神经组织退行性变性而产生的疾病的总称，主要包括帕金森病（PD）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）。

26、帕金森病（PD）：又称震颤麻痹，是一种主要表现为进行性的锥体外系功能障碍的中枢神经系统退行性疾病其典型症状为：静止震颤、肌肉强直、运动迟缓和共济失调27、阿尔茨海默病（AD）：是一种与年龄高度相关的、以进行性认知功能障碍和记忆力损害为主的中枢神经系统退行性疾病表现为记忆力、判断力、抽象。