1.英汉人体解剖学基本词汇(850词).doc

TheEnglish-ChineseBasicGlossaryofHumanAnatomy英汉人体解剖学基本词汇systematicanatomy系统解剖学regionalanatomy(topographicanatomy)局部解剖学anatomicalposition解剖学姿势superior上inferior下anterior前posterior后medial内侧lateral外侧superficial浅deep深internal内external夕卜proximal近侧distal远侧verticalaxis垂直轴sagittalaxis矢状轴coronalaxis(frontalaxis)冠状轴(额状轴)sagittalplane矢状面coronalplane(frontalplane)冠状面(额状面)horizontalplane(transverseplane)水平面(横切面)I. LocomotorSystem运动系统I.BonySystem(Osteology)骨学longbone长骨shortbone短骨flatbone扁骨irregularbone不规则骨sesamoidbone籽骨compactbone(densebone)骨密质cancellousbone(spongybone)骨松质diploe板障periosteum骨膜bonemarrow骨髓(l) BonesofTrunk躯干骨vertebrae椎骨cervicalvertebrae颈椎thoracicvertebrae胸椎lumbarvertebrae腰椎sacrum骶骨coccyx尾骨atlas寰椎axis枢椎vertebraprominens隆椎sternum胸骨rib肋骨costalcartilage肋软骨(2) Skull颅frontalbone额骨ethmoidbone筛骨sphenoidbone蝶骨parietalbone顶骨temporalbone颞骨occipitalbone枕骨maxilla上颌骨zygomaticbone颧骨palatinebone腭骨nasalbone鼻骨lacrimalbone泪骨inferiornasalconcha下鼻甲vomer犁骨mandible下颌骨hyoidbone舌骨(3) BonesofUpperLimb上肢骨clavicle锁骨scapula肩胛骨humerus肱骨ulna尺骨radius桡骨scaphoidbone手舟骨lunatebone月骨triquetralbone三角骨pisiformbone豌豆骨trapeziumbone大多角骨trapezoidbone小多角骨capitatebone头状骨hamatebone钩骨metacarpalbones掌骨phalanges扌旨骨(4) BonesofLowerLimb下肢骨hipbone髋骨ilium髂骨ischium坐骨pubis耻骨femur股骨patella髌骨tibia胫骨fibula腓骨talus距骨calcaneus跟骨navicularbone足舟骨medialcuneiformbone内侧楔骨intermediatecuneiformbone中间楔骨lateralcuneiformbone外侧楔骨cuboidbone骰骨metartarsalbones跖骨phalangesoftoes趾骨2. Arthrology关节学joint(articulation)关节ligament韧带flexion屈extension伸adduction收abduction展pronation旋前supination旋后rotation旋转circumduction环转(1) JointsofBonesofTrunk躯干骨的连结vertebralcolumn脊柱intervertebraldisc椎间盘annulusfibrosus纤维环nucleuspulposus髓核anteriorlongitudinalligament前纵韧带posteriorlongitudinalligament后纵韧带cervicalcurve颈曲thoraciccurve胸曲lumbarcurve腰曲sacralcurve骶曲thoraciccage胸廓costalarch肋弓(2) SynovialJointofSkull颅的连结temporomandibularjoint颞下颌关节(3) JointsofUpperLimb上肢骨连结shoulderjoint肩关节elbowjoint肘关节wristjoint(radiocarpaljoint)腕关节(桡腕关节)(4) JointsofLowerLimb下肢骨连结pelvis骨盆hipjoint髋关节kneejoint膝关节medialmeniscus内侧半月板lateralmeniscus外侧半月板anklejoint(talocruraljoint)踝关节(距小腿关节)archoffoot足弓3. Myology(MuscularSystem)肌学muscle肌longmuscle长肌shortmuscle短肌flatmuscle扁肌orbicularmuscle轮匝肌superficialfascia(subcutaneousfascia)浅筋膜deepfascia(properfascia)深筋膜(1) MusclesofHead头肌1) FacialMuscles面肌Epicranius(occipitofrontalis)颅顶肌(枕额肌)galeaaponeurotica帽状腱膜orbicularisoculi眼轮匝肌orbicularisoris口轮匝肌2) MasticatoryMuscles咀嚼肌masseter咬肌temporalis颞肌lateralpterygoid翼外肌medialpterygoid翼内肌(2) MusclesofNeck颈肌platysma颈阔肌sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌scalenusanterior前斜角肌(3) MusclesofTrunk躯干肌1) MusclesofBack背肌trapezius斜方肌latissimusdorsi背阔肌erectorspinae(sacrospinalis)竖脊肌(骶棘肌)2) MusclesofThorax胸肌pectoralismajor胸大肌serratusanterior前锯肌intercostalesexterni肋间外肌intercostalesinterni肋间内肌3) Diaphragm膈4) MusclesofAbdomen腹肌obliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌transversusabdominis腹横肌rectusabdominis腹直肌(4) MusclesofUpperLimb上肢肌1) MusclesofShoulder肩肌deltoid三角肌2) MusclesofArm臂肌bicepsbrachii肱二头肌brachialis肱肌tricepsbrachii肱三头肌3) MusclesofForearm前臂肌flexorpollicislongus拇长屈肌flexordigitorumsuperficialis扌旨浅屈肌flexordigitorumprofundus扌旨深屈肌extensorpollicislongus拇长伸肌extensordigitorum指伸肌4) MusclesofHand手肌(5) MusclesofLowerLimb下肢肌1) MusclesofHip髋肌psoasmajor腰大肌iliacus髂肌gluteusmaximus臀大肌piriformis梨状肌2) MusclesofThigh大腿肌sartorius缝匠肌quadricepsfemoris股四头肌adductorlongus长收肌adductormagnus大收肌bicepsfemoris股二头肌semitendinosus半腱肌semimembranosus半膜肌3) MusclesofLeg小腿肌tibialisanterior胫骨前肌extensordigitorumlongus趾长伸肌extensorhallucislongus拇长伸肌tricepssurae小腿三头肌flexordigitorumlongus趾长屈肌tibialisposterior胫骨后肌flexorhallucislongus拇长屈肌4) MusclesofFoot足肌Il.Splanchnology内脏学viscera内脏I. AlimentarySystem消化系统alimentarycanal消化管alimentarygland消化腺(1) OralCavity口腔orallips口唇philtrum人中cheek颊hardpalate硬腭softpalate软腭uvula腭垂palatinevelum腭帆palatoglossalarch腭舌弓palatopharyngealarch腭咽弓isthmusoffauces咽峡deciduousteeth乳牙permanentteeth恒牙incisor切牙canine尖牙premolar前磨牙molar磨牙dentine牙质enamel釉质cement牙骨质dentalpulp牙髓tongue舌parotidgland腮腺submandibulargland下颌下腺sublingualgland舌下腺(2) Pharynx咽nasopharynx鼻咽oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx喉咽palatinetonsil腭扁桃体(3) Esophagus食管(4) Stomach胃(5) SmallIntestine小肠duodenum十二扌旨肠jejunum空肠ileum回肠(6) LargeIntestine大肠caecum盲肠vermiformappendix阑尾ascendingcolon升结肠transversecolon横结肠descendingcolon降结肠sigmoidcolon乙状结肠rectum直肠analcanal肛管analcolumn肛柱analvalve肛瓣analsinus肛窦dentalline齿状线analpecten肛梳whiteline白线anus肛门sphincteraniinternus肛门内括约肌sphincteraniexternus肛门外括约肌(7) Liver肝portahepatis肝门hepaticpedicle肝蒂gallbladder胆囊(8) Pancreas胰2. RespiratorySystem呼吸系统respiratorytract呼吸道respiratoryorgan呼吸器官(1) Nose鼻(2) ParanasalSinus鼻旁窦frontalsinus额窦maxillarysinus上颌窦ethmoidalsinus筛窦sphenoidsinus蝶窦(3) Larynx喉thyroidcartilage甲状软骨cricoidcartilage环状软骨arytenoidcartilage杓状软骨epiglotticcartilage会厌软骨vocalfold声带cricothyroid环甲肌(4) TracheaandBronchi气管和支气管rightprincipalbronchus右主支气管leftprincipalbronchus左主支气管(。