考研英语易混淆词汇比较记1.pdf

1.abide,adhere,conform,comply这四个研究生入学考试中的高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同abide v.后接 by 表 示“遵守,同意I will abide by the directordecision.我将遵从主任的决定adhere v.后接to表 示“遵守”当然adhere 一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到Car drivers must adhere to therules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则conform v.后接 to 表示“遵守，符合“All individuals are requiredto conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律comply v.后接with表 示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合Ourcompany complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定2.abnormal,uncommon,disordered这三个单词都有反常的之意，在考研和CET-6当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。

abnormal a.不正常的，反常的（但并非罕见），指行为或现象（如气候）的异常His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days,the highest point reaching 40.5 degreecentigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生.）uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见That is uncommon instant coffee;it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；（精神或身体）有病的We couldnt understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述3.abolish,cancel,eliminate,dispose,erase,exclude,extinguish这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。

abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动（如旅行、计划、会议等）的取消；删去（字、句）The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西The losing team was eliminated from further compel汁 ion.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参力（1 下阶段的比赛The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素disposes处理，处置；表 示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用这一点需要注意A什er your picnic,please dispose of the li廿er.野餐后请清除掉垃圾erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音前先消掉了上面的音乐。

exclude v.排斥：排除，不包括在内,与include互为反义词The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆extinguish v.熄火，扑火（火）；使沉默，使暗淡Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火4.abstract,digest,outline,summary这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要digest n.（篇幅较长的）摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格Readers Digest 读者文摘outline n.要点，大纲，概要She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了 一个提纲。

summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格5.absurd,ridiculous,silly这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢a silly little boy 傻小子6.abundant,plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意abundant Q.（数量）充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含 有“过多”之意Oil is in abundant supply in this couniry.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。

plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多7.accent,tone,dialect这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙 口音tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话dialectn.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言the Yorkshire dialect 约克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect 四川方言8.access,assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”access n.接近,进入The people living in these apartments have free access to thatswimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。

assess v.评估（财产，价值）I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱9.accommodate,afford,furnish这一组动词都有“提供”的意思accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供 500位来宾住宿The company accommodated the customers wish and sent thedelivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供We cant afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。

Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge,itis thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识,然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西10.accomplishment,attainment,achievement这三个名词都有“成就”的意思accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.lEl|H J得好只是她的许多才能之一attainment n.指学识和造诣（常用作复数）；达到，至I 达a scholar of the highest attainments 造诣极高的学者achievement n.可 指 抽 象 的“成就”，或 具 体 的“成绩”，与accomplishment 是同义词。

11.accuse,charge两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪12.acquire,attain,obtain,gain,earn,achieve,secure这一组动词都有”获得，取得”的意思，在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调”一经获得就会长期持有”的含义It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitualways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。

The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标obtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等An investor gains by buying s。