
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析.docx
5页2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree, seldom perhaps fully, but always approaching equality with the writer. To the extent that equality is approached, clarity of communication is achieved.【翻译】第二,读者必须在某种程度上克服这种不平等,也许永远不可能完全平等,但总是趋近于与作者平等在达成了平等的情况下,沟通的清晰性就实现了语法分析】第一句是一个简单句always approaching equality with the writer.是一个现在分词短语,作伴随状语,修饰谓语动词be able to overcome.这一句的语法结构如下: Second(状), the reader(主) must be able to overcome(谓) this inequality(宾) in some degree(状), seldom fully perhaps(状), but always approaching equality with the writer(伴随状语)。
inequality是名词化现象,但这个名词和它的出处,即形容词unequal的拼写有所不同,一个前缀是un,一个是in.当然,后面出现的反义词equality也是名词化,从形容词equal 变成名词第二句是一个主从复合句,其中that equality is approached是一个定语从句,修饰extent.clarity是一个名词化现象,是从形容词clear变来的名词What are the conditions under which this kind of reading---reading for understanding--- takes place? There are two. First, there is initial inequality in understanding. The writer must be superior to the reader in understanding and his book must convey in readable form the insights he possesses and his potential readers lack.【翻译】这种阅读,也就是为了理解而阅读,发生的条件是什么?有两个条件。
首先在理解力上一开始是有不平等存在的作者在理解力上必须比读者更胜一筹而他的书必须以容易读懂的形式传达他自己拥有而他的潜在读者欠缺的一些洞见语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句也是一个特殊疑问句主句是 what are the conditions. 从句是under which引导的定语从句: under which this kind of reading takes place.在从句里面用了一个插入语,reading for understanding,也是一个同位语,作this kind of reading的同位语under which就是under these conditions.那么定语从句是怎么形成的呢?就是某一个词在两个句子里都出现了其中一个句子作了主句,另一个就成了定语从句在主句里出现的叫先行词,在定语从句里出现时,就要用连接代词(which, that, who, whom等)或连接副词(where, why, when等)来代替例如,本句的conditions就变成了which.把these conditions再加上under放回它本来的位置,就是这样的: This kind of reading takes place under such conditions.第二句和第三句都是简单句。
第四句是一个并列复合句在大的层面上,它是一个并列句,用and把两个分句连接起来先看第一个分句: The writer must be superior to the reader in understanding.这是一个简单句这句话里用了形容词短语be superior to...“比......更有优势” 注意,superior后面的介词是to,不是than.与它相反的短语是be inferior to(相比于......处于劣势)虽然be superior to和be inferior to这两个形容词短语表示的意思是比较,但语言形式上却不是比较句所以不用than 这个词再看第二个分句: his book must convey in readable form the insights he possesses and his potential readers lack.这个分句是一个主从复合句,所以我们说第四句就是一个并列复合句句子的主干是his book must convey the insights. 其中的介词短语in readable form又是一个插入语,把谓语convey和宾语the insights隔开了。
它是状语,修饰动词convey.最后有两个并列的句子,he possesses and his potential readers lack都是定语从句,修饰先行词insights.insights在定语从句中本来作的是宾语如果把insights放回定语从句里,就是这样的: He possesses such insights and his potential readers lack such insights.当然,在定语从句里,insights变来的that被省略了这里的lack是一个及物动词,“缺乏、欠缺”,不是形容词。












