higher-education-in-british英国高等教育简介.ppt

Higher education in Britain,,,Oxford University,,,,,,Higher education,British higher education has become a mass system, enrolling about a third of the age group. Approximately 1.8million students currently are in the higher education system. There are 114 university institutions (and 60 higher education colleges) in the UK, counting separately the constituent colleges of the federal universities of Wales and London. In addition, higher education programs are offered in many further education colleges.,1. Development,Higher education has a long history in the UK, e.g. Oxford and Cambridge date from the 12th and 13th centuries, while the Scottish universities of St Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh date from 14th and 15th centuries. At the turn of the 20th century before World War I, “Red Brick universities” - the six large civic universities were founded.,,In 1960s, there was a large expansion in the numbers of universities and many new universities were built. These newly built universities are called as “Plate glass universities” for their modern architectural design which often contains wide expanses of plate glass in steel or concrete frames.,2. Funding,The vast majority of United Kingdom universities are government financed, with only one private university--the University of Buckingham, where the government does not subsidize the tuition fees.,Students & Teachers,Approximately 1.8 million students are currently enrolled in the UK higher education system; about one third of young people go on to higher education at age 18 and an increasing number of “mature“ students are studying either full-time or part-time for university degrees.,,There are about 40,000 full time university teachers paid wholly from university funds. About 1 in 6 of all university teachers are professors.,Degree Titles,In Britain degree titles are based on courses and credits. The most common titles for a first degree are Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BSC), granted to students who have passed examinations at the end of three or four years’ study. The second degree is that of Master, including Master of Arts (MA) and Master of Science (MSC). The highest degree title is Doctor of Philosophy (PhD),Higher education —undergraduate study,A bachelor degree (BA, BSc, etc) can be obtained by a minimum of three year’s study at one of the more than 200 universities or institutions of higher education in the UK offering degree courses. Some degree courses last four years, the extra year being spent in practical training, as in many ‘sandwich’ degrees such as engineering, or as a year abroad if studying a modern language. Only about the top 7% of the age cohort in the UK studies for a degree; consequently entry to universities or similar institutions is highly competitive. Typical entry requirements would be at least 3 C grades at A Level for university courses and perhaps 3 grade Ds for entry to other institutions of higher education.,Higher Education --post-graduate degree,Students who have completed a first degree are eligible to undertake a postgraduate degree, which includes: Master’s degree(one year) Doctorate degree(three years),British colleges and universities,more than 40 universities 1) Oxford: about 30 separate colleges, dating from the 12th century Cambridge: about 20 separate colleges, dating from the 13th century,Oxbridge,,,,Oxbridge Boat Race,,2) 4 Scottish universities : dating from the 15th and 16th centuries St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Edinburgh 3) post-war universities: Keele, Lancaster, York, Newcastle,,The universities of the 19th and 20th centuries are called “red brick”, used to contrast with the more dignified and solid-looking ancient stone architecture of “Oxbridge”.,,4) Open Universities the freedom of universities: reflected in the different courses and degrees awarded by different universities B.A. (Bachelor of Arts) M.A. (Master of Arts) Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy),,College grades run A, B, C, D, E, F. A master’s degree can be earned by one or two academic years of study beyond the bachelor’s degree. To earn Ph.D. takes at least three years beyond the master’s.,The Open University,,The Open University or OU, is a distance learning and research university founded in 1969.It is notable for having an open entry policy, i.e. students' previous academic achievements are not taken into account for entry to most undergraduate courses.,,With more than 180,000 students enrolled, including more than 25,000 students studying overseas, the Open University is the largest academic institution in the United Kingdom and Europe by student number, and qualifies as one of the world's largest universities.,,Advantages A. Study in the Open University is much cheaper. B. Students can work at the same time as getting the degree. C. For most courses there are no entry requirements. This fundamental open admissions policy makes undergraduate university study accessible to all.,World Univers。