语法专用名词详解.doc

一. 词类分类词类全称简称实词Notional word名词Nounn.代词Pronounpron.数词Numeralnum.形容词Adjectiveadj.动词Verbv.副词Adverbadv.虚词Function word冠词Articleart.介词Prepositionprep.连词Conjunctionconj.感叹词Interjectioninterj.1). 名词专有名词 Proper Nouns普通名词 Common Nouns: 可数名词 Countable Nouns: 个体名词 Individual Nouns集体名词 Collective Nouns不可数名词 Uncountable Nouns： 物质名词 Mass Nouns or Material Nouns 抽象名词 Abstract Nouns单数 Singular Form 复数 Plural Form奇数 Odd Number 偶数 Even Number名词的所有格 the Possessive Case2) 冠词定冠词 Definite Article 不定冠词 Indefinite Article 3) 代词人称代词 Personal Pronoun: 第一人称 First Person 第二人称 Second Person 第三人称 Third Person物主代词 Possessive Pronoun 形容词性物主代词 Adjectival Possessive Pronoun 名词性物主代词 Nominal Possessive Pronoun反身代词 Reflexive Pronoun 连接代词 Conjunctive Pronoun相互代词 Reciprocal Pronoun 不定代词 Indefinite Pronoun指示代词 Demonstrative Pronoun 疑问代词 Interrogative Pronoun关系代词 Relative Pronoun 4）形容词品质形容词 Qualitative Adjectives 类属形容词 Classifying Adjectives颜色形容词 Colour Adjectives 强调形容词 Emphasizing Adjectives-ing形容词 –ing Adjectives -ed形容词 –ed Adjectives合成形容词 Compound Adjectives比较级 The Comparative Degree 最高级 The Superlative Degree5) 数次和量词基数词 Cardinal Numbers/Numeral 序数词 Ordinal Numbers分数词 Fractional Numerals 倍数词 Multiplicative Numeral概数 Approximate Number 量词 Measure Word6）动词及物动词 Transitive Verbs 不及物动词 Intransitive Verbs双宾动词 Ditransitive Verbs 成语动词 Phrasal Verbs系动词 Link Verbs 助动词 Auxiliary Verbs情态动词 Model Verbs 动词的基本形式现在式 Present Tense 过去式 Past Tense过去分词 Past Participle 现在分词 Present Participle限定形式Finite Forms非限定形式 Non-Finite Forms: 不定式 The Infinitive 动名词 The Gerund 分词 The Participle7）副词时间副词 Adverbs of Time 方式副词 Adverbs of Manner强调副词 Emphasizing Adverbs 评论副词 Commentary Adverbs关系副词 Relative Adverbs 地点副词 Adverbs of Place程度副词 Adverbs of Degree 疑问副词 Interrrogative Adverbs连接副词 Conjunctive Adverbs 句子副词 Sentence Adverbs8)连词并列连词 Coordinating Conjunction从属连词 Subordinating Conjunction二. 句子句子成分主语 Subject 逻辑主语 Logical Subject主语补足语 Subject Complement 宾语 Object直接宾语 Direct Object间接宾语 Indirect Object宾语补足语 The Objective Complement状语 Adverbial 伴随状语 Adverbial of Circumstance目的状语 Adverbial of Purpose 原因状语 Adverbial of Cause/Reason结果状语 Adverbial of Result 时间状语 Adverbial of Time条件状语 Adverbial of Condition表语 Predicative 定语 Attribute 同位语 Appositive 谓语 Predicate 插入语 Parenthesis 呼语 Vocative独立主格结构 Absolute Construction句子种类 1. 说话目的陈述句 Declarative Sentence问句 Question 一般疑问句 General Question 特殊疑问句 Special Question 选择疑问句 Alternative Question 反意疑问句 Disjunctive Question or Tag Question祈使句 Imperative 感叹句 Exclamation2.结构简单句 Simple Sentence并列句 Compound Sentence复合句 Complex Sentence并列复合句 Compound Complex Sentence三．单词，短语和从句1.短语动词短语 Verbal Phrases 不定式短语 Infinitive Phrases动名词短语 Gerundial Phrases 分词短语 Participial Phrases介词短语 Prepositional Phrases 名词短语 Noun Phrases2.从句主语从句 Subjective Clause 宾语从句 Objective Clause表语从句 Predicative Clause 同位语从句 Appositive Clause直接引语 Direct Speech 间接引语 Indirect Speech定语从句 Attributive Clause关系代词Relative Pronoun 关系副词 Relative adverb 限制性定语从句 The Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句 The Nonrestrictive Attributive Clause状语从句 Adverbial Clause 时间状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Time 地点状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Place 原因状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Cause/Reason 目的状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Purpose 条件状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Condition 结果状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Result 让步状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Concession 比较状语从句 Adverbial Cause of Comparison 方式状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Manner四．构词法转化 Conversion 反转构词法 Backformation派生 Derivation: 前缀 Prefix 后缀 Suffix合成 Compounding 缩写 Abbreviation混合 Blending 四．时态一般现在时The Simple Present Tense现在进行时 The Present Continuous Tense一般将来时 The Simple Future Tense一般将来进行时 The Simple Future Continuous Tense将来完成时 The Future Perfect Tense将来完成进行时 The Future Perfect Continuous Tense过去将来时The Past Future Tense过去将来完成时 The Past Future Perfect Tense过去将来进行时 Past Future Continuous Tense一般过去时The Simple Past Tense过去进行时 Past Continuous Tense现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense现在完成进行时 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense过去完成时The Past Perfect Tense过去完成进行时The Past Perfect Continuous Tense五．非谓语动词动词不定式 the Infinitive动名词 Gerund现在分词 Present Participle过去分词 past participle六．语态，语序被动语态 The Passive Voice主动语态 The active voice七．特殊句式倒装Inversion 完全倒装 Complete Inversion 部分倒装 Partial Inversion省略 Ellipsis强调 Emphasis插入 Parenthesis八．语气（Mood）陈述语气 Indicative Mood 疑问语气 Interrogative Mood祈使语气 Imperative Mood 虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood九．标点符号句号 Full Stop or Period 感叹号 Exclamation Mark分号 Semico。