系统解剖学英文课件：1颅骨及其连接.ppt

颅骨及其连接颅骨及其连接 The Skull and Their JointsThe Skull and Their JointsThe Skull•Cranial bones (or cranium) 脑颅骨脑颅骨 –Enclose the cranial cavity, which supports and protects the brain–Attachment sites for some head and neck muscles•Facial bones (anterior aspect of skull) 面颅骨面颅骨–Form framework of face–Form cavities for sense organs of sight, taste and smell–Provides openings for passage of air and food–Hold the teeth–Anchor the muscles of the faceCranial Bones （8）1.frontal bone 额骨额骨 2.ethmoid bone 筛骨筛骨3.sphenoid bone 蝶骨蝶骨4.occipital bone 4.occipital bone 枕骨枕骨枕骨枕骨5.temporal bone 5.temporal bone 颞骨颞骨颞骨颞骨6.parietal bone 6.parietal bone 顶骨顶骨顶骨顶骨parietalfrontaltemporal_____ethmoidoccipitalCranial Bones sphenoidsphenoidFrontal bone额骨额骨Ethmoid bone 筛骨筛骨Ethmoid bone 筛骨筛骨Sphenoid bone蝶骨蝶骨Occipital bone 枕骨枕骨Temporal bone颞骨颞骨The Facial bones （15） Maxilla 上颌骨上颌骨 palatine bone 腭骨腭骨lacrimal bone 泪骨泪骨 nasal bone 鼻骨鼻骨zygomatic bone 颧骨颧骨 inferior nasal bone 下鼻甲骨下鼻甲骨vomer 犁骨犁骨 mandible下颌骨下颌骨hyoid bone 舌骨舌骨Maxilla上颌骨上颌骨Palatine bone腭骨腭骨Zygomatic bone 颧骨颧骨Vomer 犁骨犁骨Hyoid bone 舌骨舌骨Mandible 下颌骨下颌骨 The apical view of skull 颅顶面观颅顶面观 The front view of skull 颅前面观颅前面观 The lateral view of skull 颅侧面观颅侧面观 The back view of skull 颅后面观颅后面观 The internal surface of the base of skull 颅内面观颅内面观 The external surface of the base of skull 颅底外面观颅底外面观The Skull as a Whole The apical view of skull The front view The front view of skullof skullOrbits 眶眶 Bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔骨性鼻腔Anterior nasal aperture(piriform aperture)鼻前孔（梨状孔）鼻前孔（梨状孔）The bony septum (medial wall of bony cavity)鼻中隔（鼻腔内侧壁）鼻中隔（鼻腔内侧壁）Bony septum※ ※ 简述鼻旁窦的概念及其开口。

简述鼻旁窦的概念及其开口The bony nasal cavity (lateral wall)骨性鼻骨性鼻腔外侧壁腔外侧壁Paranasal Sinuses 鼻旁窦鼻旁窦 • Air-filled sinuses are located within –Frontal bone 额骨–Ethmoid bone 筛骨–Sphenoid bone 蝶骨–Maxillary bones 上颌骨• Lined with mucous membrane• Serve to lighten the skullParanasal Sinuses 鼻旁窦鼻旁窦Paranasal sinuses Frontal sinuses额窦额窦Sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦蝶窦Ethmoidal sinuses筛窦筛窦Maxillary sinuses 上颌窦上颌窦 The bony nasal sinuses and their openings※ 翼点 pterion (位置、组成 )Lateral view of skull颅侧面观颅侧面观翼点翼点星点星点颞窝颞窝硬膜外出血硬膜外出血翼点翼点翼腭窝翼腭窝颞下窝颞下窝The internal surface of the base of skull颅内面观颅内面观anterior cranial fossa颅前窝颅前窝middle cranial fossa颅中窝颅中窝posterior cranial fossa颅后窝颅后窝The external surface of the base of skull颅底外面观颅底外面观The Skull at Birth※前囟anterior fontanelle :(位置、形态、闭合时间)The joints of skull颅骨的连结颅骨的连结•Synarthrosis （直接连接）（直接连接） Fibrous joints 纤维连接纤维连接 Cartilaginous joints 软骨连接软骨连接 Synostoses 骨性结合骨性结合•Diarthroses （间接连接）（间接连接） 滑膜关节（滑膜关节（synovial joint））Synarthrosis of skull颅骨的直接连接颅骨的直接连接纤维连结纤维连结•Coronal suture 冠状缝•Sagittal suture 矢状缝•Lambdoid suture 人字缝软骨连结软骨连结l 蝶枕软骨结合l 蝶岩软骨结合Diarthroses of skull颅骨的间接连接颅骨的间接连接temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节组成、特点、运动组成、特点、运动思考题思考题• 试以蝶骨为中心描述各脑颅骨的位置。

试以蝶骨为中心描述各脑颅骨的位置• 试以上颌骨为中心描述各面颅骨的位置试以上颌骨为中心描述各面颅骨的位置• 试述骨性鼻旁窦的位置及其开口试述骨性鼻旁窦的位置及其开口• 分别叙述眶、鼻腔的交通分别叙述眶、鼻腔的交通• 试述翼腭窝的位置和交通试述翼腭窝的位置和交通• 颅底有哪些孔洞？颅底有哪些孔洞？• 试述颅的连接试述颅的连接• 试述新生儿颅的特点试述新生儿颅的特点。