免疫学名词解释英.docx

免疫名词解释历年题1. Recirculation of lymphocytes(淋巴细胞再循环)lt means the continuo us movement of lymphocytes across the sites through out blood and lym phatic vessels, and it is critical for the initiation and effector phases of i mmune response.2. hapten(半抗原)antigen which can combine with the corresponding Ab or sensitized T lymphocyte but can not evoke the immune response independently.3. TD-Ag(thymus dependent Ag) Ag stimulates B cells to produce Ab with the help of T cells and macrophage.4. Tl-Ag(thymus independent Ag)Ag stimulates B cells to produce Ab without the help of T cells and macrophage.5. heterophile Ag(异嗜性抗原)com mon an tige ns shared by differe nt sp ecies and play an important role in immunopathology and diagnosis.6. HVR(hypervariable region)超变区 Most of sequenee differences am ong antibodies are confined to three short stretches in the V regions of heavy and light chains are called HVR7. CDR(compleme ntary determ inant regi on)互补决定区 The seque nces of the antibodies form an antigen binding surface that is complementary to the three dimensional structure of the bound antigen lt is also called complementary determinant regions.8. idiotype (独特型) lgs produced by each B cells clone possessing unique structure respectively in HVR or CDR, the unique structure is call ed idiotype of lg.9. monoclonal Ab (mAb 单克隆抗体) lt is prepared by hybridoma tec hnique. lmmunized spleen cells (B cells) fuse with myeloma cells and for m hybridoma with property of proliferating Ab10. conformational determinants 构象决定簇 They are composed of amin o acid residues are not in a sequence but become special juxtaposed infolded protein. They are usually on the surface of antigen and be recog nized by B cells and Ab.11. ADCC(antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity)It is a proce ss in which NK cells are target to Ab coated cells, resulting in lyses Ab coated cells .FcR III is expressed on NK cell membrane and mediate b inding of IgG.12. MAC membrane attack complex 攻膜复合体 A lytic complex of the terminal components of complement cascade, Including C5678and multico pies of C9,which forms in the membrane of target cells MAC causes let hal ionic and osmotic changes in cells.13. CK cytokine 细胞因子 A group of low molecular weight polypeptides or proteins which are secreted by activated immunocytes or some matrix cells and possess high activity and various functions. Their major funct ions are to mediate and regulation immune response and inflammation r eaction.14. CAM or AM cell adhesion molecules 黏附分子 The cell surface mol ecules whose function is to promote adhesive interaction with other cellsor the extra cellular matrix and play a crucial role in cell interaction, re cognition, activation and migration.15. CD cluster of differentiation 分化簇 It is a group of cell surface mol ecules associated with the development and differentiation of immune cel ls.16. MHC major histocompatibility complex 主要组织相容性复合体 It is a g roup of genes which encode for major histocompatibility antigens and rel ate to immune response.17. HLA human leukocyte antigen 人类白细胞抗原 The major histocomp atibility antigens for human bodies which associated with histocompatibilit y and immune response.18. HLA complex The MHC of human, a cluster of genes which encod e for HLA and related to histocompatibility and immune response.19. MHC restriction In interaction of T cell and APC or target cells, T cells not only recognize specific antigen but also recognize polymorphic r esidules of MHC molecules.20. PAMP(pathogen associated molecular pattern) 病原相关分子模式 dist inct structures or components that are common for many pathogens such as LPS, dsRNA of viruses etc.21. PRR (pattern recognition receptor) The receptors that can recogniz e PAMP, located on the surface of macrophage, including mannose rece ptor, scavenger receptor , toll like receptor etc.22. APC a group of cells which can uptake and process antigen and p resent antigen-MHC—I/II complex to T cells, playing an important role i n immune response.23. TCR complex a group of membrane molecules on T cells that can specifically bind to antigen and pass an activation signal into the cell, consisting of TCR (a p y )， CD3 (Y £ 6 £ ) and6 -6 。

24. ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) 免疫受体酪氨 酸活化基序 ITAM transduced e activation signals from TCR, composing of tyrosine residues separated by around 18 aas. When TCR specially bi nd to antigen, the tyrosine become phosphorylated by the receptor assoc iated tyrosine kinases to transduct actively signals.25. immunotolerance 免疫耐受 a type of specific unresponsiveness to a given antigen previously exposure of specific lymphocytes to that antigen but response naturally to other antigens.26. clonal anergy 克隆无能 a state of functional inactivation without cell death of Tlymphocytes induced by recognition of antigen in the absence of co-stimulatory signal.27. AICD(activation induced cell death) 活化诱导细胞死亡 repeated stim ulation to T B lym。