中国历史文化政治常用词汇英译.doc

中国历史文化政治常用词汇英译Confucianism 儒教/儒家思想 Taoism 道教 Buddhism佛教 temple寺庙Confucius孔子 Mencius孟子Lao Tzu 老子 ethics伦理学 morality 道德 benevolence 仁spiritual 精神的 harmony 和谐The Analects of Confucius《论语》 The Art of War《孙子兵法》Historical Records《史记》 Historical Records《史记》zodiac十二生肖　 feudal封建的dynasty 朝代 emperor； monarch皇帝，君主 rein 统治 royal 皇家的Tang Princess Wencheng 文成公主 Empress Dowager Ci Xi慈禧太后 prime minister丞相，宰相　 ethnic minority少数民族 offer sacrifices 祭祀 the Western Regions西域 cradle of civilization文明的摇篮 the Reform Movement of 1898 戌戌变法the Opium War 鸦片战争 the War of Resistance Against Japan抗日战争Lunar calendar阴历 Fengshui；geomantic omen风水calligraphy书法 copybook 字帖 Chinese character 汉字 pictographic characters象形文字Mandarin （中国）普通话 dialect 方言Chinese traditional painting 国画 ink-wash painting 水墨画 landscape painting 山水画 mount裱 scroll卷轴 figure人物 pavilion 阁，亭 writing brush 毛笔 ink 墨 Xuan paper宣纸ink stone 砚台 A Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival清明上河图mural painting 壁画 clay figure泥人folk art 民间艺术 craftsman 工匠 Beijing Opera 京剧 facial make-up 脸谱 costume 服装 acrobatics杂技 cross-talk 相声 clapper talk快板 storytelling评书 Xiaopin小品Puppet show木偶剧 shadow play 皮影戏 zither古筝 Tai Chi太极the four great inventions of ancient China 中国古代四大发明the Silk Road丝绸之路 compass 指南针 papermaking 造纸术 gunpowder火药 printing 印刷术 movable type printing活字印刷fleet 舰队 voyage航海traditional Chinese medicine 中药 acupuncture 针灸 medical massage推拿 herbal medicine草药abacus 算盘 bronze ware 青铜器 porcelain 瓷器 seismograph 地动仪 Go 围棋 martial arts (Wushu)武术 fireworks 烟花 firecracker鞭炮 statutory holiday 法定假日 Spring Festival 春节The Spring Festival Gala on CCTV春节联欢晚会 gift of money wrapped in red paper 红包New Year gift－money压岁钱 family reunion 团圆Lantern Festival元宵节 Dragon Boat Festival 端午节sticky rice dumplings粽子 Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节 moon cake 月饼 the Double Seventh Festival 七夕Spring Festival couplets 对联 temple fair庙会festival lantern花灯 lantern riddle灯谜God of Wealth 财神 dumpling 饺子dragon boat race 龙舟赛 dragon and lion dance 狮子龙灯舞 stilt walking踩高跷 dragon boat race赛龙舟kite flying 放风筝 Yangge dance 秧歌舞 Chinese cuisine中国菜 color色 aroma香 taste , flavor 味chopsticks 筷子 Sichuan cuisine川菜 soybean milk 豆浆 deep－fried dough sticks油条 steamed buns 馒头 steamed twisted rolls花卷 steamed stuffed buns包子 Beijing roast duck北京烤鸭 hand－stretched noodles拉面 hot pot火锅tofu 豆腐 instant noodles 方便面wood-cut block print 木刻版画 papercutting, paper-cuts 剪纸Chinese Spring Festival Paintings年画 cloisonne 景泰蓝embroidery刺绣 Suzhou embroidery苏绣batik 蜡染 pattern 图案decorate v. 装饰 decoration n. 装饰 Chinese tunic suit 中山装 cheongsam (qipao ) 旗袍Tang-style costume 唐装 feature 特色 unique to China 中国特有的 characteristic 特点the Imperial Palace故宫 the Forbidden City 紫禁城 Beijing quadrangles北京四合院 hutong胡同the Temple of Heaven 天坛 The Summer Palace 颐和园 the Great Wall 长城 drum tower鼓楼the Terra-cotta Army of the First Emperor of Qin兵马俑 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi黄帝陵 scenery, landscape 风景 place of interests名胜tourist attraction/resort 观光胜地 sightsee v. 观光，游览Mount Huangshan 黄山 the Jiuzhaigou Valley 九寨沟the Mogao Caves 莫高窟 giant panda 大熊猫rare 珍稀的 bamboo竹子endangered 濒临灭绝的 preserve 保存，保护，保护区　 高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 to hold high the "great banner of socialism with Chinese Characteristics"　　建设中国特色社会主义 to build socialism with Chinese characteristics　　改革开放 reform and opening up　　全面建设小康社会to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects　　和谐社会 harmonious society 解放思想、实事求是emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts　　勇于变革、勇于创新to make bold changes and innovations　　永不僵化、永不停滞to stay away from rigidity or stagnation　　不为任何风险所惧to fear no risks　　不被任何干扰所惑never be confused by any interference　　科学发展观 Scientific Outlook on Development　　正确处理改革发展和稳定的关系to balance reform, development and stability　　高度集中的计划经济highly centralized planned economy　　充满活力的社会主义市场经济robust socialist market economy　　封闭或半封闭的国家closed or semi-closed state　　改革开放符合党心民心、顺应时代潮流。

Reform and opening up accord with the aspirations of the Party membership and the people and keep up with the trend of the times.　　改革开放方向和道路是完全正确的，成效和功绩不容否定，停顿和倒退没有出路　　The path of reforms and opening up are entirely correct, and their merits and achievements can never be negated. To stop or reverse reforms and opening-up would only lead to a blind alley.　　以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导 to follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the thought of Three Represents　　新时期最突出的标志是与时俱进Keeping up with the times is the most promi。