Run-on连续句错误（课堂PPT）.ppt

Click to edit Master title styleClick to edit Master subtitle style1Run-on SentenceswKeep running, but be careful where you are going!The SentenceDefinition: A sentence is a complete thought, usually containing at least one or more independent clauses, beginning with a capital letter and ending with a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point. An independent clause is a cluster of words that contains a subject and a predicate and that can “stand alone.” 2Run-on SentencesDefinition: A run-on sentence is punctuating and putting together two or more sentences as if they were one. There are two basic types of run-on sentences: 1. Fused Sentence2. Comma Splice3Fused SentenceswDefinition: In fused sentences, two or more independent clauses “run together” with no punctuation.wExample: The boy ate his dinner his sister played quietly in the corner.Train analogy (above): The train cars are run together without any coupling devices. Independent ClauseIndependent ClauseIndependent Clause4Comma SpliceswDefinition: In comma splices, two or more independent clauses are joined by a comma only.wExample: The boy ate his dinner, his sister played quietly in the corner.Train analogy (above): The train cars are joined together with inadequate coupling devices. Independent ClauseIndependent ClauseIndependent Clause,5The Most Common Comma Splice ErrorThe most common comma splice error is the conjunctive adverb comma splice. Common conjunctive adverbs: again, also, besides, consequently, further, furthermore, hence, however, indeed, likewise, moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, otherwise, similarly, then, therefore, thus6Conjunctive Adverb Comma SplicewRule: When joining independent clauses, the conjunctive adverb is preceded by a semi-colon and followed by a comma.wExample of Error: The boy ate his dinner, however, his sister played quietly in the corner.wCorrection: The boy ate his dinner; however, his sister played quietly in the corner.7Five Basic Ways of Correcting a Run-on SentencewComma Plus Coordinating ConjunctionwSemi-colonwPeriod and Capital LetterwSubordinate ClauseswConjunctive Adverb8Comma Plus Coordinating ConjunctionwRule: Determine the independent clauses.wIf there are only two independent clauses, separate them with a comma plus a coordinating conjunction (and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet).wExample: The boy ate his dinner, but his sister played quietly in the corner.9Comma Plus Coordinating ConjunctionwRule: If there are more than two independent clauses in a series, separate the final two independent clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction. wNote that independent clauses other than the final two are separated with commas. wExample: The boy ate his dinner, his sister played quietly in the corner, and his mother worked on the “spill” the children had made.10Semi-colonwRule: Determine the independent clauses.wSeparate those two or more independent clauses with a semi-colon. wExample: The boy ate his dinner; the sister played quietly in the corner.11Period and Capital LetterwRule: Determine the independent clauses.wSeparate those two or more independent clauses with a period.wThen begin the following independent clause with a capital letter.wExample: The boy ate dinner. The sister played quietly in the corner.12Subordinate ClauseswRule: Determine if one or more of the independent clauses can be subordinated. wIf so, subordinate those clauses.wExample: While the boy ate dinner, the sister played quietly in the corner.13Conjunctive AdverbwRule: Determine the independent clauses.wIf there are only two independent clauses, separate them with a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and comma.wExample: The boy ate his dinner; however, his sister played quietly in the corner.14Exceptions to the Rules* wException: Short, closely related independent clauses in a sequence can be joined by a comma only.wExample: He came, he saw, he conquered.* These exceptions are rare.15Exceptions to the Rules*wException: If the second of two independent clauses reverses the negative emphasis of the first, these clauses can be joined with a comma. wExample: That day I did not swim, I sold real estate.* These exceptions are rare.16Exceptions to the Rules*wException: If the second independent clause is a “tag” question, a comma may be used between the clauses.wExample: He does, doesnt he?* These exceptions are rare.17Practice what you preach IwSome of the following sentences contain run-ons; others are correct. Put a C next to the correct sentence. Revise the run-ons in any way you choose.w1. Mr. Jones took the Concord(协定) to Paris the flight lasted just three hours.w2. Those berries are poisonous dont eat them.w3. Ken started wearing a wig, everyone complimented him on how young he looked. w4. Philip leapt up the stairs two at a time, he was breathless when he reached the attic.w5. Our dormitory bought a Canon copier for the library, many students use it.18w6. The movie will not begin for two hours let s window-shop.w7. The hot a。