Diencephalon.ppt

Diencephalon 间间 脑脑神经系统神经系统nervous systemPositionnPosition: Lies between midbrian and cerebrum, almost entirely surrounded by cerebral hemisphereSubdivisionnDorsal thalamus 背侧丘脑背侧丘脑 nMetathalamus 后丘脑后丘脑nEpithalamus 上丘脑上丘脑nSubthalamus 底丘脑底丘脑nHypothalamus 下丘脑下丘脑Dorsal thalamus 背侧丘脑背侧丘脑External featuresnA large egg-shaped nucleus mass, nAnterior end called anterior thalamic tubercle ( (丘脑丘脑前结节前结节) )nPosterior end called pulvinar( (丘脑枕丘脑枕) )nRight and left portion of thalamus are joined by interthalamic adhesion ( (丘脑间粘合丘脑间粘合) )nFloor－hypothalamic sulcus( (下丘脑沟下丘脑沟) )Classification of nuclei of dorsal thalamusThree nuclear group－－divided by internal medullary lamina （内髓板）nAnterior nuclear group 前核群nMedial nuclear group 内侧核群nLateral nuclear group 外侧核群Med. nuclear group Ant. nuclear group Dorsal tier internal medullary laminaVentral anterior nucleus Ventral intermediate nucleus Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) Ventral posteromedial nucleus(VPM ) Pulvinar Medial geniculate body (MGN) Lateral geniculate body (LGN) Ventral posterior nucleus (VP)Subdivision Principal NucleiCommon abbreviationAnt. nuclear groupMed. nuclear groupLat. nuclear groupDorsal tierLateral dorsalLDLateral posteriorLPPulvinar Ventral tierVentral anterior nucleusVAVentral intermediate nucleusVIVentral posterior nucleusVP Ventral posterolateral nucleusVPL Ventral posteromedial nucleusVPMFunctional subdivisionNonspecific relay nuclei非特异性投射核团非特异性投射核团（古丘脑）（古丘脑）－receive afferents from rhinencephalon and reticular formation of brain stem, project mainly to hypothalamus and corpus striatumnMidline nucleus group中线核中线核(第第3脑室侧壁内脑室侧壁内)nIntralaminar nuclear group板内核板内核 nThalamic reticular nucleus网状核网状核(丘脑与内囊间丘脑与内囊间) Association nuclei 联络核团联络核团（新丘脑）（新丘脑）－receive extensive afferents and in turn project widely to the association areas of cerebral cortexnAnterior nuclear group前核群前核群nMedial nuclear group内侧核群内侧核群nDorsal tier of lateral nuclear group外侧核群背层外侧核群背层 与下丘脑、边缘系统有往返纤维联系，在功能上进入高级与下丘脑、边缘系统有往返纤维联系，在功能上进入高级活动领域，具有情感意识的辨别能力，还参与学习和记忆。

活动领域，具有情感意识的辨别能力，还参与学习和记忆Special relay nuclei 特异性中继核团特异性中继核团（旧丘脑）（旧丘脑）nVent. anterior nucleus (VA) 腹前核腹前核 nVent. intermediate nucleus (VI) 腹中间核腹中间核 Receiving dentate nucleus, globus pallidus and substantia nigra to motor cortexnVent. posteromedial nucleus (VPM) 腹后内侧核－腹后内侧核－ receives trigeminal lemniscus and teste fibers nVent. posterolateral nucleus (VPL) 腹后外侧核－腹后外侧核－ receives medial lemniscus and spinal lemniscus Projects to first somatic sensory area via central thalamic radiation背侧丘脑功能背侧丘脑功能 皮质下感觉的最后中继站皮质下感觉的最后中继站 感知粗略的痛觉感知粗略的痛觉 调节躯体运动调节躯体运动Metathalamus 后丘脑后丘脑Lateral geniculate body (LGN)Medial geniculate body (MGN) Metathalamus 后丘脑后丘脑nMedial geniculate body (MGN) 内侧膝状体内侧膝状体qRelay station of auditionqReceive fibers from inferior colliculusqProjects to auditory area via acoustic radiation 听辐射nLateral geniculate body (LGN)外侧膝状体外侧膝状体qRelay station of visionqReceive fibers from optic tractqProjects to visual area via optic radiation 视辐射下丘下丘 — 下丘臂下丘臂 —内侧膝状体内侧膝状体—听辐射听辐射—投射至颞叶的听觉中枢投射至颞叶的听觉中枢上丘上丘 — 上丘臂上丘臂 —外侧膝状体外侧膝状体—视辐射视辐射—投射至枕叶的视觉中枢投射至枕叶的视觉中枢 Epithalamus 上丘脑上丘脑Includes nThalamic medullary stria 丘脑髓纹丘脑髓纹 nHabenular trigone 缰三角缰三角缰核缰核 nHabenular commissure 缰连合缰连合 nPineal body 松果体松果体内分泌腺内分泌腺nposterior commissure 后连合后连合Subthalamus底丘脑底丘脑nTransition zone between diencephalons and tegmentum of midbrainnContain subthalamic nucleus(底丘脑核), parts of red nucleus and substantia nigra 属锥体外系属锥体外系Hypothalamus 下丘脑下丘脑Position－lies ventral to thalamusBoundariesnSuperiorly: hypothalamic sulcusnInferiorly: qoptic chiasma 视交叉视交叉qtuber cinereum 灰结节灰结节qInfundibulum 漏斗漏斗qHypophysis 脑垂体脑垂体qmammillary body 乳头体乳头体nAnterior: lamina terminalis 终板终板 nPosterior: continues with midbrain tegmentumSubdivisionsnPreoptic region 视前区视前区nSupraoptic region 视上区视上区nTuberal region 结节区结节区nMammillary region 乳头体区乳头体区 Important nucleinSupraoptic region 视上区视上区qSupraoptic nucleus 视上核视上核－－produce antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素(ADH， vasopressin 加压素加压素)qParaventricular nucleus 室旁核室旁核－produce oxytocin 催产素nTuberal region 结节区结节区qInfundibular nucleus 漏斗核漏斗核(弓状核弓状核)qVentromedial nucleus 腹内侧核腹内侧核qDorsomedial nucleus 背内侧核背内侧核n Mammillary region 乳头体区乳头体区 qMamillary nucleus 乳头体核乳头体核qPosterior hypothalamic nucleus 下丘脑后核下丘脑后核 Paraventricular nucleusSupraoptic nucleusMammillary nucleusInfundibulum nucleusParaventriculohypophyseal tractSupraopticohypophyseal tractinfundibulumposterior lobe of hypophysisanterior lobe of hypophsistuberoinfundibular tractHypothalamus --connectionnConnects with limbic systemnConnects with brainstem and spinal cordnConnects with dorsal thalamus nConnects with hypophysis下丘脑的纤维联系下丘脑的纤维联系传入纤维传入纤维 前脑内侧束前脑内侧束 穹隆穹隆传出纤维传出纤维 ① ①乳头丘脑束乳头丘脑束和乳头被盖束和乳头被盖束 穹隆穹隆- -乳头体核乳头体核- -乳头丘脑束乳头丘脑束- -背侧丘脑前核背侧丘脑前核( (控制内脏活动控制内脏活动) ) ② ②下丘脑下丘脑——脑干、脊髓纤维脑干、脊髓纤维 背侧纵束背侧纵束 ③③下丘脑垂体束下丘脑垂体束 视上垂体束视上垂体束 室旁垂体束室旁垂体束 结节垂体束结节垂体束Hypothalamus --connectionnSupraoptic nucleus produce antidiuretic hormone (ADH) →supraopticohypophyseal tract posterior lobe of hypophysisnParaventricular nucleus oxytocin paraventriculohypophyseal tract posterior lobe of hypophysis Paraventricular nucleus Paraventriculohypophyseal tractSupraoptic nucleusSupraopticohypophyseal tracposterior lobe of hypophysisInferior hypophyseal a.Hypophyseal v.Tuberoinfundibular tractMedian eminencePortal v.Superior hypophyseal a.Hypophyseal v.anterior lobeParvicellular neurons in the arcuate nucleus and nearby region of the walls of the third ventricle secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones → tuberoinfundibular tract →portal vein of hypophsis → anterior lobe of hypophsisFunction1、神经内分泌中心。

神经内分泌中心2、内脏神经系统的皮质下中枢内脏神经系统的皮质下中枢 如：体温调节、摄食、生殖、水盐代谢等如：体温调节、摄食、生殖、水盐代谢等3、与边缘系统密切联系，参与情绪行为的调节与边缘系统密切联系，参与情绪行为的调节4、调节机体昼夜节律调节机体昼夜节律Third ventriclenPosition: a narrow ventricle cleft lies within diencephalonsnBoundariesqRoof: choroids plexusqFloor: optic chiasma, tuber cinereum, infundibulum and mamillary bodyqAnterior: lamina terminalisqPosterior: continuous with mesencephalic aqueductqLateral wall: dorsal thalamus and hypothalamusnCommunication Third ventricle →mesencephalic aqueduct → fourth ventricle Third ventricle interventricular foramen lateral cerebral ventricle。