宾语从句讲练.doc

宾语从句一、宾语从句的定义： 宾语从句顾名思义就是作（及物动词、介词或某些形容词）宾语的部分是由句子来充当因此把这样的句子叫做宾语从句引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类即 :表示陈述语气用that,表示一般疑问语气，含有 是否,能否”的意思whether和if引导•表示特殊疑问语气由特 殊疑问词导．宾语从句可做动词宾语 ,介词宾语 ,及某些形容词的宾语 . 例如：1、 He wrote me a letter, saying that he would pay a visit to China next week. （ 动宾）2、 I wonder if you could spare me a few minutes? （动宾）3、 The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done. （介宾）4、 Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exams. （形宾 ）二、 过好“三关”学习宾语从句：（一）过引导词关1、 连词 that（在 口语中 that 常可省略）,if, whether,女口： He knows that Jim will work hard. 连接代词 who, whom, which 等，如： Do you know who （whom） they are waiting for? 连接副词 when, where, how, why 等，如： Could you tell me how we can get to the station?2、 由 that 引导的宾语从句，如： I don ' tow （that ）Tom was late again注意 1:引导宾语从句的 that 常可以省略 ,但下列情况下不能省略。

1） and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，除第一个从句中的 that以外,后面从句中的that不能省略如： Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（2） that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时， that不能省略如：I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（3） 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略如： We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.注意 2:若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语 it.如： He doesn'wtant it to be known that he is going away.I consider it necessary that he should do it again.注意 3: 否定转移 . 在 think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句，从句中的否定往往在主句中体现。

如： I don'tthink you are right. I don'btelieve that they have finished their work.I don'tthink he cares, does he?3、 由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句： whether 和 if 都有“是否”的意思如：I don'ktnow whether / if he will agree with me.He asked me whether / if I have finished my homework.注意 1 ：在动词不定式之前只能用 whether 如： I can'dtecide whether to stay.注意 2： 在 whether …or not 的固定搭配中 女口： I want to know whether it 'good news or not .注意 3:在介词后，只能用 whether 女口： His father is worried about whether he lose his work .注意 4：条件状语从句不能用 whether 引导,如：Please inform him of the news if he comes back before 10 o'clock.4、 由特殊疑问词（wh…）引导（要注意用陈述语气）女口： He asked me, “ Wheris Mr. Wang?'——He asked me where Mr. Wang was.（二） 、过语序关 做宾语从句的句子不管原来是什么语序，在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序，即： “引导词 +主语+谓语+宾语+ 其他” 女口： 1。

Tom said. He is reading a book. Tom said that he was reading a book.2. He asks me. Are they play ing a game? He asks me if/whether they are play ing a game.3、 Where is the hospital? He told me. He told me Where the Hospital was. 注意:当 who 在从句中做主语时 ,语序本身就是“主语+谓语'顺序 ,所以就不再变了 .女口： I want to know. Who will come tomorrow? ^1 want to know who w ill come tomorrow.（三） 、过时态关 宾语从句的时态要受到主句时态的限制，即要和主句的时态保持一致（也有特殊情况），宾语从句的时态往往被忽视，希望能引起我们的注意从下面三个方面去把握宾语从句的时态1、 当主句的时态是一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时，从句的时态可根据句意的需要用任意一种时态2、 当主句的时态为一般过去时宾语从句的时态要与原句相对应的过去的时态（带 “过去'两个字）。

3、 当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等，不管主句是什么时态，从句一律用 一般现在时三、 宾语从句的特殊语序问题在“ Dcyou think /believe/suppose----?等"结构中，宾语从句如果是由疑问词引导的，则要用 疑问词+ do you thin k/believe/suppose + 正常语序？ ”女口： What has happened to him? Do you think? What do you think has happened to him?四、 否定转移问题在think, believe等动词后面的宾语从句，如果从句的谓语动词表示否定意义，一般要将否定词 not移到主句的谓语动词上面去，即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的（意义）谓语动词此时变反意疑问句时仍将宾语从句视为否定，反意疑问部分用肯定形式如：1、 I don 'tthink he will come. 2 、 I don 'tthink he will come, will he?五、宾语从句的简化1 、当主句的谓语动词是 hope, decide, wish, agree 等，其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可 以简化成动词不定式结构。

如： Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon. Wei Hua hopes to be back soon.2 、当 know, learn, remember, forget 等动词其后接宾语从句， 并且从句主语与主句主语一致时， 可以简化成 “疑 问词 +不定式 ”结构如： I don 'ktnow what I should say. I don 'ktnow what to say.3 、当 tell, learn, show, teach 等动词其后接宾语从句， 并且从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致时， 可以简化成 “疑 问词 +不定式 ”结构如： Could you tell me how I can get there? （ 句子中的 me 和 I 指的是同一个人 ） 可以改写为： Could you tell me how to get there?4 、动词后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式来简化，但主语要发生变化如： It seemed that the boys were going to play games. The boys seemed to play games. 宾语从句专项练习1．Do you know what time ？ A．the train leave B ． does the train leaveC． will the train leave D ．the train leaves2．I don't know ．Can you tell me ，please？ A ．how the two players are old B ．how old are the two playersC． the two players are how old D ． how old the two players are3．The small children don't know ． A． what is their stockings in B ．what is in their stockings C ．whereis their stockings in D ． what in their stockings （ ）4．I can't understand ． A．what does Christmas mean B． what Christmas does meanC． what mean Christmas does D ．what Christmas means5. Tim says Dave is good friend. A. my B. she C. his6. Peter he wants to be a teacher. A. say B. said7. He tells me Uncle Li his radio now. A. mending8. He knows John help him with his math. A. is going9. She tells me she can take the message for .A. me10. Please tell me you hate smoking.A. which考查 if 和 when 引导的是宾语从句还是状语从句1. We' re not sure if it tomorrow. If it , we wonD. heC. will say D. saysB. is mending C. mended D. mindB. wants C. want to D. mayB. I C. he D. himselfB. why C. where D. whenA. will snow; snows B. will snow; will snow C. 。