直接引语和间接引语.doc

直接引语和间接引语一、引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换 二、直接引语变间接引语的四点变化 人称、时态、语序、时间状语，地点状语，指示代词、动词的变化 1.时态变化　　直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下： 直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时（不变） 过去进行时 过去进行时（不变）2时间状语，地点状语，指示代词、动词　　直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动直接引语 间接引语 now 现在 then 那时；当时 today 今天 that day 那天tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上 this week 本周 that week 上周 yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天 the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 前两天 three days ago三天以前 three days before 前三天 last week 上周 the week before前一周tomorrow 明天 the next day /the following day第二天 next week 下周 the next week 第二个星期 this morning这个早晨 that morning那个早晨ago/last以前 before之前指示代词 this 这 that 那these 这些 those 那些地点状语 here 这里 there 那里动词 come 来 go 去bring带来 take带走can could may might must must/ had to 3.如何变句型：　　①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。

如： 　　She said, ‘Our bus will arrive in five minutes.’ 　　→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 　　②直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句. 　　如： 　　He said, “Can you swim, John?" 　　→He asked John if he could swim. 　　"You have finished the homework, haven’t you?" my mother asked. 　　→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. 　　"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" 　　→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 　　③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

　　She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?" 　　→ She asked me when they had their dinner. 　　④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth."句型 　　"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. 　　→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. 　　"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she. 　　→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 　　⑤直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）如： 　　He said, "Let’s go to the film." 　　→He suggested going to the film. 　　或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 　　⑥直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。

　　She said, "What a lovely day it is !" →She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 　　⑦如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变如： 　　He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." 　　→He told me that he had taught English since he came here. 4.人称变化　　遵从一主二宾三不变 　　一主： 从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化 　　eg： “I have bought an expensive car ,’said the boss.→The boss said he had bought an expensive car. 　　二宾： 从句的第二人称随主句的宾语变化 　　eg: I often tell him , "You are luckiest boy I have ever seen . " → I often tell him he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . “ 　　三不变：从句的第三人称不需要变化。

注意：　　在以下几种情况下在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化 　　1.直接引语是客观真理 　　2. 当直接引语表示为名人名言或谚语时,时态不变.3.直接引语若有明确的表示时间的词语，变间接引语时，时态不变 　　4. 若直接引语中含有could, must, should等情态动词，变间接引语时，时态不变 　　如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to，must, need)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变 练习将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat.2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He ______ ______ I was interested in ______.【参考答案】1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived 。