初中语法：宾语从句知识点讲解及练习(含答案)(DOC 10页).docx

10初中宾语从句一、定义宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的从句之一，也是初中阶段要求重点掌握的从句宾语从句属于名词性从句，是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语宾语从句一般做介词或及物动词的宾语，如：We all expect that they will win.我们所有人都盼着他们能赢动宾）We are talking about whether we should keep the money.我们正在讨论是否应该收下这笔钱介宾）二、宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的引导词很多样，基本涵盖了从句中涉及的所有引导词，可分为从属连词，连接代词和连接副词，用法如下表：连接词连接词的作用例句that本身无意义，只起连接作用，在口语中可省略He said （that） Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳if/whether宾语从句中意思都是“是否”，不作成分，但不能省略He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.他问我高小姐是不是一位老师what, which,who, whose,whom等连接代词在从句中作一定成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语等I don’t know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。

He wanted to know whose box it was.他想知道这个箱子是谁的when, where,why, how等连接副词在从句中作状语，如时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等Could you tell me where you are?.你能告诉我你在哪里吗？People never know how he did that.人们从来也不知道他是如何做到的三、宾语从句的时态1. 若主句是现在时的某种时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），宾语从句不受限制，可以根据实际情况随意穿越，如：I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书He has told me that he will leave for Shanghai next week.他已经告诉我下周他就要动身去上海了2. 若主句是过去时的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），如：I only knew he was studying in a western country.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书。

My teacher told me that Mrs. Rosemary had been back to Australia already.我的老师告诉我，Rosemary夫人已经回澳大利亚了He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高3. 若从句是一个客观真理,那么从句用一般现在时，不根据主句的时态而变化，如：He told me that the earth goes around the sun.（真理）他告诉我地球围着太阳转He said that Yao Ming is much taller than him.（事实）他说姚明比他高很多四、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，尤其疑问词作连接词的句子要格外注意，因为读起来与正常疑问句不同，容易出错，陈述语序即主语+谓语的顺序，如：What’s Kate’s e-mail address ? Do you know ?= Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is ?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗？五、宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, consider等,并且主句的主语是第一人称时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I don’t think he will come to my party. (√)I think he won’t come to my party. (×)我认为他不会来我的舞会.I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?六、宾语从句的简化1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等词时，从句可简化为不定式结构，如：I hope that I can receive your e-mail. = I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件2. 当宾语从句主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等，从句有疑问词引导时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构，如：She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。

六、重难点宾语从句时初中阶段重点考点，考试最后一题单选题往往涉及，考查重点主要是从宾语从句的语序和时态入手，判断时态，还原陈述语序也就是做这种题的关键七、易错点：1. if, whether在宾语从句中的区别在宾语从句中if和whether都是“是否”的意思，但在一下情况下，只能用whether1) if和whether在作“是否”解时，介词后一般不用if，如：They are talking about whether she will come tonight.他们正在讨论今晚她会不会来2) whether后可以加or not，但是if不可以，如：They don’t know whether she will come or not.他们不知道她会不会来3) 在不定式前只能用whether，如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下4) 避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if，如：They are wondering if she can come. (×)They are wondering whether she can come. (√)注：if只有在宾从中才作“是否”理解，在常见的条件状语从句中翻译为“如果”，如：If I pass the exam, I will get a present from my mom.如果通过考试，我将从妈妈那里得到个礼物。

2. 宾语从句中不可省略的thatthat引导宾语从句没有意思，大多时候可以省略，但若多个宾语从句并列时，第一个that可省略，其余连词后的that必须要在，以表示与前一句宾语从句并列，否则会出现歧义，如：He admits (that) there are some problems in this software and that it will take a while to solve them. 他承认软件有问题，同时承认解决问题需要一些时间3. doubt引导宾语从句1） 如果主句是肯定句，则宾语从句用if\whether引导 I doubt if\whether he is a student.2） 如果主句是否定句\疑问句，则宾语从句引导词只能用that I don’t doubt that he is a student.随堂练习（一）关系词选择1、Tom asked my friend _________.A.where was he from B.that the earth is bigger than the moonC.When did he come back D.Why not to be so angry【答案】 B【解析】 考查宾语从句 。

特殊疑问词+陈述句语序句子，故排除A．C．D三项地球比月亮大是客观现实，故用一般现在时不受题干当中asked时态的干扰2、 I never doubt _____ this exhibition is worth ________.A. whether, to visit B. that, to visit C. if, visiting D. that, visiting【答案】 D3、 I never doubt ________this English dictionary is of great _________ to me.A. that, helpful B. if, help C. whether, helpful D, that, help【答案】 D4、 I don’t know _______read the information on the computer screen．A. to B. what to C. how to D. to what【答案】 C5、句型转换(1). Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _________ light _________ faster than sound.(2). There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.Jack didn’t know _________ there _________ _________ a meeting in five days.(3). Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _________ _________ _________ _________French.(4). Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ homework yet.【答案】 1. that; travels 2. that; would be 3. whether they can speak French4. whether he had finished his【解析】 1. 考查宾语从句关系词选择和时态。

从句为陈述事实，所以用that；又从句为自然现象，用一般现在时，三单加s2. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态主句为didn’t know，那么从句一定是一个不确定的内容，又根据提示，从句完整，所以用whether；又从句时态要和主句保持一致，用过去将来时3. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态语序主句为want to know，那么从句一定是一个不确定的内容，又根据提示，从句完整，所以用w。