广东高考英语语法填空题专题讲座课件.ppt

广东高考英语语法填空题专题讲座 Rational Cloze,从语法填空题空格的设置来看，至少应当包括以下4个特点 一、考查语法每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法 例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they_ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals.,解析：因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用be allowed；由had, left可知be是一般过去式；主语是复数they，be的过去式是were，答案是were allowed 点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则 例 2 The _ why I was sad was that he didnt understand me. 解析：因为why 引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定是reason 点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词，但实际上是考查定语从句二、考虑语境。

既然采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了也就是说，考生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章例4 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970s pollution control efforts 解析：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句可确定要填cities 点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的三、考点分散基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，10个空有可能涉及到10个语法点，至少也得有7个语法点笔者认为，即使对一些非常重要的语法项目，如动词时态、非谓语动词、不定代词等，单独一项也可能是一空，至多两空，设三空的可能性是极小的四、适当提示但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格. 例7 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _(reach) a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. 解析：reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作状语，故填reaching。

例8 It would be _ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends! 解析：因为在系动词be后作表语，要用believe的形容词形式believale；由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信!”可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un，答案为unbelievable五、出题一般涉及到以下几个方面：1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语； 2）冠词的用法； 3）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词； ）派生词的用法； 5）动词的适当形式； 6）情态动词的用法； 7）定语从句、名词性从句的引导词等解答语法填空题的八条思路,根据语法知识进行填充 根据逻辑关系进行填充 根据语篇标志进行填充 语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”如表示结构层次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however, but, by the way等。

语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助4.根据固定词组进行填充 熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulateon, devoteto, earn ones living, keep ones word, make up ones mind等，对解题很有帮助 5. 根据句型搭配进行填,就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如so/suchthat, it is(for sb.) to do sth., There is no doubt that, there is no sense in doing sth.等来解题6. 根据词汇知识进行填充 指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词，只能接to do作宾语的动词，接to do作补语的动词，接do作补语的动词，接doing或done作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等 7. 根据生活常识进行填充,I crossed the street to avoid 1 (meet) him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use 2 (pretend) that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy 3 (meet) Nigel Dykes. He never has anything 4 (do). No matter how busy you are, he always insists on 5 (come) with you.,meeting,pretending,meeting,to do,coming,三、备考策略,1不断记忆，积累词汇。

语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求，它不但要求考生认识单词，还要求能写出一些要求的单词这就要求考生平时不断地记忆单词，不断地积累词汇，千方百计地把我们的词汇量提高上去考试时才能随心所欲的写出单词，填出固定搭配2夯实基础，学好语法 英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂，不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，它要求我们平时多听，多读，多记，夯实自己的基础知识；我们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学习，尤其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析只有这样，才能为综合能力的提高打下坚实的基础3大声朗读，培养语感 语感是一种对语言、语段或词句的感受能力，是一种看不见摸不着的东西，但在做完形填空题时又是必不可少的东西娴熟的语感的形成不是一蹴而就的，要在平时的学习过程中多听，多读，尤其是大声朗读犹为重要在早读或晚读时间，抛开顾忌，放开喉咙，大声朗读，对培养语感是非常重要的如果通过朗读能够多背诵一些课文是再好不过的了语感在你的朗读和背诵课文的过程中，不知不觉地逐步形成了4坚持不懈，多做练习 语法填空是一种新题型，考生在前几年都不曾练过的但是高考中又占了总分的十分之一，非常重要因此要求考生在考前一段时间要大量练习这种题型，不断练习，不断总结，不断提高，高考时才能处变不惊，轻松应对。

Will _1_ matter if you dont take your breakfast? Recently a test _2_ (give) in the United Sates. Those tests included people of different _3_ from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got _4_ breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see _5_ well their bodies worked and when they had eaten_6_certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect _7_ if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be _8_ (especial) true if a person works _9_ his brains. For example, if a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with_10_ (much) attention in class.,it,were given,ages,no,how,a,than,especially,with,more,。