形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式及用法.doc

形容词/副词比较级最高级变化形式及用法 1 、一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级＋er ， 最高级＋est clever－cleverer－cleverest few－fewer－fewest small－smaller－smallest young－younger－youngest tall－taller－tallest long－longer longestshort－shorter－shortest strong－stronger－strongest warm－warmer－warmestslow－slower－slowest old－older－oldest high－higher－highestlight－lighter－lightest fast－faster－fastest great—greater—greatestcool－cooler－coolest clean－cleaner－cleanest cheap－cheaper－cheapestquick－quicker－quickest 2、以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；    nice－nicer－nicest late－later－latest able－abler－ablest brave－braver－bravest cute－cuter－cutest large－larger－largest close－closer－closest（亲密的） fine－finer－finest white－whiter－whitest free－ freer－freest(免费的)3、以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；  easy－easier－easiest happy－happier－happiest early－earlier－earliest busy－busier－busiest heavy－heavier－heaviest dirty－dirtier－dirtiest lazy－lazier－laziest dry－drier－driest pretty－prettier－prettiestfunny－funnier－funniest healthy-healthier-healthiest4、在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；   fat－fatter－fattest thin－thinner－thinnest hot－hotter－hottest fit－fitter－fittest(合适的) red－redder－reddest wet－wetter－wettest big－bigger－biggest sad－sadder－saddest5、其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most； beautiful －more  beautiful － most beautiful careful－more careful－most carefulintelligent－more intelligent－most intelligent expensive delicious（美味的） popular（流行的） important（重要的） interesting（有趣的） afraid（害怕）quickly（迅速地的） quietly (安静地) 6、 少数单音节词也是这样；     pleased－more pleased －most pleased    tired－more tried －most tired7、少数不规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级,必须熟记。

good/ well—better—best little—less—least  bad/ill—worse—worst　old—older/elder—oldest/eldest  many/much—more—most far—further/farther— furthest（表示距离）/farthest（表示程度）特别提醒：◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”记住以下三个词组：further study(进修)further education(继续教育)   further information (进一步的信息)◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐) elder brother (哥哥)◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer 特别提醒：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如：unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest ◇以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more，most如：Slowly-more slowly-most slowly quickly-more quickly-most quickly特别提醒：early -earlier-earliest ◇由ing分词和-ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。

  interesting-more interesting -most interesting  excited-more excited -most exciting  tired-more tired  -most tired   boring-more boring -most boring ◇少数单音节词前面加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级，这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词 afraid -more afraid, most afraid tired - more tired , most tired fond - more fond , most fond glad -more glad , most glad bored - more bored , most bored pleased---- more pleased , most pleased ◇下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式，即：既可加-er/-est也可加more/most strict, often, friendly, clever ◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高（即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级）如：empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favorite, true, right, correct, extremely ... ◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。

误：Your English is better than me.正：Your English is better than mine.你的英语比我的（英语）好 ◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：a little, much, evenMy sister is a little taller than me.我姐姐比我高一点Their house is much larger than ours.他们的房间比我们的（房间）大另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度I’m three years older than he.我比他大三岁特别提醒：very, enough,quite, too不可修饰比较级，只能修饰原级He is very clever.他很聪明The dress is too small for me to wear.这个裙子我穿着太小了He is clever enough to work out the problem.他足够得聪明，能解出这个难题 ◇避免重复使用比较级误：He is more kinder to small animals than I.正：He is much kinder to small animals than I.他对动物比我（对动物）和善。

误：He is more cleverer than his brother.正：He is cleverer than his brother.他比他弟弟聪明 ◇比较要符合逻辑，在同一范围内比较时，避免将主语含在比较对象中，这时需使用other来排除自身误：China is larger that any country in Asia.正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲的其它国家要大误：John studies harder than any student in his class.正：John studies harder than any other student in his class.正：John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.正：John studies harder than anyone else in his class.约翰是他们班级里最用功的学生三种表达法） ◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则，注意前后呼应。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.上海的人口比北京多It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制定计划比执行计划要容易  ◇序数词通常只修饰最高级Africa is the second largest continent.南非是第二大陆The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二大长河This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.这是迈克尔.杰克逊第三流行的歌◇后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语，则通常用 that误：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.正：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.冬天，北京的天气比上海的天气冷。

  ◇“否定词 + 比较级”相当于最高级。