
中考语法项复习.ppt
74页中考语法专项复习中考语法专项复习第七节第七节 动词动词考点:考点:•1、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则;分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则;•2、掌握动词的分类,且能根据句义或上下文正确使、掌握动词的分类,且能根据句义或上下文正确使用动词的适当形式用动词的适当形式•3、正确使用常见实义动词和情态动词、正确使用常见实义动词和情态动词can, must, need, may等;等;•4.熟练运用表示将来的熟练运用表示将来的be going to 用法用法•5、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构,主要用法及区别、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构,主要用法及区别(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时)时、现在进行时和现在完成时) •6、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法;、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法;•7、理解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法理解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法•8、掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语、宾补的基本用法;、掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语、宾补的基本用法;•9、了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、含、了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、含有情态动词的四种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基有情态动词的四种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法;本用法;•10、熟练运用、熟练运用there be 结构的肯定、否定和疑问形式。
结构的肯定、否定和疑问形式二、动词考察点分项说明:二、动词考察点分项说明:(一)、掌握动词的现在时一)、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数第三人称单数、、过去式过去式、、 过去分词过去分词和和现在分词现在分词四种形式的构成规则;四种形式的构成规则; 1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成:动动 词词 特特 征征 变变 化化 例例 词词 一般动词一般动词 词尾加词尾加-s look- looks find- finds 以以s, x, ch, sh或或o结结尾尾 词尾加词尾加-es watch- watches, push- pushes 以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾结尾 变变y为为i再加再加-es fly- flies, 2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成①① 规则动词的变化规则动词的变化:: 规则动词的规则动词的过去式过去式和和过去分词过去分词的构成方法是相同的的构成方法是相同的动动 词词 特特 征征 变变 化化 例例 词词 一般动词一般动词 词尾加词尾加-ed look- looked, looked 以以e结尾结尾 词尾加词尾加-d live- lived, lived 以以“辅音字母辅音字母+Y”结尾结尾 变变y为为i,再,再加加-ed carry-carried, carried以重读闭音节以重读闭音节或或r音节结音节结尾,且末尾尾,且末尾只有一个辅只有一个辅音字母音字母 双写该辅音双写该辅音字母,再字母,再加加-ed stop- stopped, stopped②② 不规则动词的变化。
略)不规则动词的变化略)3、、动词动词的的现现在分在分词词的构成:的构成:动动 词词 特特 征征 变变 化化 例例 词词 一般动词一般动词 直接加直接加-ing look-looking watch- watching 以以e结尾结尾 去去e加加-ing come- coming move- moving 以重读闭音节或以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,且末音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音尾只有一个辅音字母字母 先双写该辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加再加-ing swim- swimming run- running 以以ie结尾且为重结尾且为重读开音节读开音节 变变ie加加y再加再加ing die-dying lie-lying 概念概念:: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ::构成形式构成形式 : 1.一般现在时态一般现在时态( The Simple Present Tense)表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或状态 do / does(三单三单)every day , always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, three times a day , 等等我一到达那儿,就会给你写信。
我一到达那儿,就会给你写信——————————————————————一般现在时的注意点一般现在时的注意点:1 、、表客观事实或普遍真理表客观事实或普遍真理The earth _____ (go) round the sun .2 、、 在在when ,as soon as, until, after, before等到引导的时间状语从句和等到引导的时间状语从句和if 引导引导的条件状语的条件状语从句中从句中, 用用一般现在时一般现在时表示将来表示将来. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go on a picnic .goes如果明天不下雨,我们将去野营如果明天不下雨,我们将去野营———————————————————I’ll write to you as soon as I get there .Exercise 1.Who ___________(dance) best in your class?2.2. Students usually __________(have) ten minutes’ rest between two classes. danceshave概念概念:: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ::构成形式构成形式 : 2. 一般过去时态一般过去时态(The Simple Past Tense)表示过去某个时间发生的动表示过去某个时间发生的动 作或存在的状态作或存在的状态V+edyesterday, just now, last …, this morning, …ago, 等等一般过去时的注意点一般过去时的注意点:1、当没有明显的时间状语时、当没有明显的时间状语时,描描述几个相继发生过的动作述几个相继发生过的动作 I always got up too late , washed my face , had a quick breakfast and hurried to school .2、、since从句中常用从句中常用一般一般过去时过去时You haven’t changed much since we last ______(meet) .metExercise 1.I ___________(find) my ruler in my desk .found2.We and __________(see) lots of birds ___________(fly) over the trees.flyingsawfive minutes agolooked up概念概念:: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ::构成形式构成形式 : 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态在的状态tomorrow, in three days,this…, next…, soon, 等. 1. will/shall+do 2. am/is/are going to+do3. am/is/are + doing 3.一般将来时态一般将来时态(The Simple Future Tense)Look at the dark clouds, it _________rain.Tomorrow _______ be April Fool’s Day.一般将来时的注意点一般将来时的注意点:willis going to The radio says that it __________(be) sunny tomorrow.will be4. 现在进行时态现在进行时态( The Present Continuous Tense )概念概念:: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ::表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作now,listen,look, right now ,these days ,at this moment,等am/is/are+doing构成形式构成形式 : 现在进行时现在进行时的注意点的注意点:表达状态、感表达状态、感表达状态、感表达状态、感 情和感觉的动词情和感觉的动词情和感觉的动词情和感觉的动词不能用进不能用进不能用进不能用进行时行时行时行时。
如:中如:中如:中如:中know, be, know, be, want,want, think, think, see, hear, like, hope, love, havesee, hear, like, hope, love, have 在表达时,切记不要忘了在表达时,切记不要忘了在表达时,切记不要忘了在表达时,切记不要忘了be be 动词 am/is/aream/is/are doing doing(2008台州中考台州中考)--- Hi , Mary . Where is your father?--- Look, He ______his car over there.A.washes B. is washing B.C. will wash D. has been washedExercise 概念概念:: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ::构成形式构成形式 : 5. 过去进行时态过去进行时态(The Past Continuous Tense)表示过去某一时刻或某一时间表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生的动作。
段正在发生的动作was/were+doingat this time yesterday, from seven to nine last night,, at that moment, 等等过去进行时的注意点过去进行时的注意点:在在when , while引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句中中, 表示表示主从句主从句中两个动作中两个动作同时发生同时发生时时, 用用过去进行时过去进行时表示表示 .1. When my father got home, I _____ a letter to my friend. (2008宁波中考宁波中考)A.write B. am writing B.C. wrote D. was writing2. ______Jim was making a paper plane , his brother was doing homework.While较长的动作较长的动作(2008衢州中考衢州中考)--- Why didn’t you come and open the door for me, dear?--- Sorry, Jack. I ______ in the kitchen and didn’t hear you.A.was cooking B. am cooking B.C. was cooked D. will cookExercise 概念概念:: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ::构成形式构成形式 : 6. 现在完成时态现在完成时态(The Present Perfect Tense)发生在过去且对现在仍有影响发生在过去且对现在仍有影响 的动作的动作,强调对现在的影响强调对现在的影响.have /has +donealready, yet, never,ever, just, before, once, twice, etcfor…, since…, so far, in the past few years, by now, etc现在完成时的注意点现在完成时的注意点:1. have been to , have been in 和和 have gone to 的区别的区别 2. 短暂性动词和持续性动词短暂性动词和持续性动词 1).Tom _____never_______ to America.2).---- Is Tina at home? ---- Sorry, she ___________ Shanxi, and she _____________there for three days.hasbeenhas gone tohas been译下列句子:译下列句子:3、这本书他买了一年了3、这本书他买了一年了 4、、 这本书他借了三天了。
这本书他借了三天了 5、我们离开广州六年了我们离开广州六年了He has bought this book for a year .He has had this book for a year .He has borrowed the pen for three days .He has kept the book for 3 days .We have lefthave left Guangzhou for 6 years . We have been away fromhave been away from Guangzhou for 6 years .×××短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用连用, 必须转变成持续性动词必须转变成持续性动词Exercise 1. He ______________(finish) writing the book, hasn’t he?has finished 2. (2008绍兴中考绍兴中考) ---- You seem to know much about the city. ---- That’s true. I _____ it three times. A. visited B. had visited C. have visited D. will visit(三)、掌握系动词(三)、掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法;等的基本用法;• 常见的连系动词有:常见的连系动词有:become, turn, get, •grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall等。
等它它•们后面常接形容词,构成系表结构们后面常接形容词,构成系表结构 • Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室请保持教室的干净 • The bread looks very fresh. 这些面包看上去这些面包看上去很新鲜((四)、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本四)、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法;用法;概念:过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动概念:过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动•作或存在的状态过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相作或存在的状态过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相•同,只是把同,只是把will, shall变为过去式变为过去式would, should,把助,把助•动词动词be的过去式变为过去式的过去式变为过去式was或或were而已如:如:They were going to have a meeting.他们曾打算开会他们曾打算开会 概念概念:: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ::构成形式构成形式 : 7.7.过去完成时过去完成时: (: (TheThe Past Past PerfectPerfectTenseTense) ) had doneby the end of last year, by, before +by the end of last year, by, before +过去的时间点;由过去的时间点;由when,before,afterwhen,before,after, by , by the timethe time等引导的状语丛句中,表示主句的等引导的状语丛句中,表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。
动作发生在从句之前表示在过去某一时刻前已完成的表示在过去某一时刻前已完成的动作也称动作也称“过去的过去过去的过去”过去完成时过去完成时的注意点的注意点:用于用于宾词从句宾词从句中,当主句的谓语动词中,当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时是一般过去时时,一定要注意宾语从句一定要注意宾语从句中的时态变化中的时态变化He said that he _________the film many times.had seenExercise 1.The volleyball match will be put off if it . A . will rain B. rains C .rained D. is raining 2.---Do you want to see the film “Harry Potter ”? ---The film “Harry Potter ⅡⅡ”? I _____ it . It’s very wonderful. (2008黄岗中考黄岗中考)A.see B.have seen C.was seeing D.has seen3.The boy ______________(not swim) in the river yet.hasn’t swum5.---Where is Liu Mei? --- She___________(go) home.4.--- Where is your father?--- He ___________ (watch) TV in the room.7.He asked what time they___________(do) at eight last night.were doing8.I know that he _________(join) the army in1985.joined6.We don’t know if it ___________(rain) tomorrow. If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we’ll not go for a picnic.is watchingwill rainrainshas gone 9 . He’s not hungry. He_____ just________ (have) lunch. 11.---______the Blacks __________(visit) the Great Wall before? ---Yes , they_________. ---When _______they _______(visit) it? ---Only a month ago. 10. I’m sure he ____________(work) it out in one hour.has will workHave had visited havedid visit 12.He______________(look) out of the window when the match ______ (begin).was lookingbegan 五)、掌握助动词五)、掌握助动词be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法;的基本用法;• 助动词是助动词是“辅助性辅助性”动词,一般没有词义,不能单独动词,一般没有词义,不能单独•作谓语,但可用来帮助构成谓语,表示不同的时态,作谓语,但可用来帮助构成谓语,表示不同的时态,•语态,和数的变化。
语态,和数的变化 •常见的助动词有:常见的助动词有:((1))be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 与现在分词结与现在分词结合,构成各种进行时态;或与过去分词结合构成被动语合,构成各种进行时态;或与过去分词结合构成被动语态 I’m looking for my pen. 我正在找我的笔现在进行时)我正在找我的笔现在进行时) These cups are made in China. 这些杯子是中国制造的这些杯子是中国制造的被动语态)(被动语态)•((2))have (has, had, having)与过去分词结合,构成与过去分词结合,构成完成时• They have known each other for twenty years. • 他们互相认识有二十年了现在完成时)他们互相认识有二十年了现在完成时)• He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten. • 他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室 他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。
过去完成时)(过去完成时)•((3)) 助动词助动词do (does, did) 后只能跟动词原形,与后只能跟动词原形,与not及其他动词结合构成否定句,或置于主语之前构成疑及其他动词结合构成否定句,或置于主语之前构成疑问句• He does not speak English.他不说英语他不说英语• When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的?他什么时候回来的?•((4))will (would), shall (should)::• will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后;能用于一般将来时的任何人称后;would是是will的的过去时,能用于过去将来时;两者后面都接动词原形过去时,能用于过去将来时;两者后面都接动词原形• The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飞机十分中飞机十分中后将要到达 后将要到达 • I was sure we would win.我确信用我们会赢我确信用我们会赢• shall与与should这两个助动词本身没有词义,这两个助动词本身没有词义,shall只只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后;能用于一般将来时的第一人称后;should是是shall的过的过•去时,只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后;两者后面去时,只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后;两者后面都接动词原形。
都接动词原形• We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明我们明天将在校门口见天将在校门口见• • I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告诉我告诉•他们我将独自做那项工作他们我将独自做那项工作三、巩固练习三、巩固练习•1. His father any washing in the morning.•A. doesn’t do B. doesn’t C. doesn’t does D. doesn’t does•2. I 1000 English words by the end of last term.• A. have learned B. had learned C. would learn D. was learning•3. How long you the bicycle?• A. have…bought B. have…had• C. did…buy D. do…buy•4. my brother knows London very well. He there many times.• A. has been B. has gone C. was D. wentABBA•5. The children want to know if Miss Green free tomorrow.• A. is B. is going to C. will D. will be•6. Listen, the music nice.• A. sounds B. is sounding C. is sound D. was sounding•7. He early every morning from now on.• A. gets up B. does get up C. does gets up D. will get up•8. Our teacher told us that light faster than sound.• A. travelled B. travels C. was travelled D. had travelled•9. Mr. Brown is not at home. He to the library.• A. has gone B. has been C. had been D. had goneDADBA•10. He said he would go to the cinema with us if he free.• A. is B. were C. was D. will be•11. Tom _____ his homework after breakfast.• A. don’t B. doesn’t C. don’t do D. doesn’t do 12. Jenny _____a letter to her mother three days ago. A. wrote B. writes C. write D. has written13. He ______ with us yesterday morning. A. doesn’t go swimming B. goes swimming C. didn’t go swimming D. went to swimming 14. There ______a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow.A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. would havecDACB•15. ______ you ______ us a talk this afternoon?• A. Are, giving B. Are, given C. Will, give D. Were, going to give•16. Look! Li Lei _____ Jim with his Chinese.• A. is helping B. has helped C. is going to help D. would help•17. Don’t make any noise. The baby ______ .• A. has slept B. is slept C. will sleep D. is sleeping•18. The students of Class 3 _____a football game now. Let’s go and watch.• A. are having B. will have C. is having D. will be had•19. How many English songs ____ you _____ by the end of last term?• A. have, learned B. did, learn C. had, learned D. were, learnedCADAC•20. My mother _____ breakfast while I ______ my face this morning.• A. cooked, was washing B. was cooking, was washing• C. was cooking ,washed D. would cook, was washing二二.用下列动词的适当形式填空用下列动词的适当形式填空1. He told me that he___________(visit) the Summer Palace the next day.2. —Who has borrowed the dictionary? I want to use it —Miss Li. She____________(keep) it for a week.3. The old men_____(die) last summer. He_______________(die) for eight months.4. Father______________(cook) when I got home.5. Mr. Smith told us he_____________(show) the guests around the factory.6. In winter when your clothes___________(wash), it is not easy to get them dry.Bwould visithas keptdiedhas been deadwas cookingwould showis washed•7. —_____the twins__________(return) yet?• —Yes. They_____________(have) a rest in the room now.•8. It______(rain) but it_________(stop) now.•9. All the children_______(keep) quiet though their teacher was not there.•10. The boys__________(read) a story book now.Havereturnedare havingrainedstopskeptare reading((六)掌握情态动词六)掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基等基本句型结构及主要用法本句型结构及主要用法①① 情态动词在英文中是情态动词在英文中是“辅助性辅助性”动词,用来表示说话动词,用来表示说话人的语气或情态,包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、人的语气或情态,包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。
情态动词本身有词义,但词敢于、愿望、义务、能力等情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,且义不完全,不能单独用作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,且后面只跟动词原形后面只跟动词原形 ②② 情态动词的种类:情态动词的种类:原原 形形 过去式过去式 词词 义义 can could 能能 may might 可以(或许)可以(或许) must must(had to) 必须(不得不)必须(不得不) will would 愿意愿意 shall should 应该应该 need needed 需要需要 dare dared 敢于敢于 • ③③ can的用法的用法:可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测,意为测,意为“能,会,可以能,会,可以”;;can't意为意为“不会,不能,不会,不能,不可以不可以”,还有,还有“不可能不可能”之意• ((1))表示体力或脑力方面的表示体力或脑力方面的“能力能力”,也能表示根,也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的据客观条件能做某事的“能力能力”• The boy can swim very well.• Who can answer this question?• ( (2))表示允许表示允许• The students can leave after the meeting.• When can I get the news?• ( (3))表示推测表示推测• It can be wrong.• Who can be your new teacher next term?•④④could的用法的用法:could为为can的过去式,用法与的过去式,用法与can类似,类似,常用于过去时中;常用于过去时中;could还可用于现在时中表示委婉还可用于现在时中表示委婉客气,相当于客气,相当于can;;could也可表示惊讶怀疑,不相信,也可表示惊讶怀疑,不相信,如:如:He couldn't be a thief.•1))can的过去式,表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。
的过去式,表示过去有能力及过去的可能性• They could run very fast when they were young.• Could you speak English at that time?•2))表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见• Could I borrow your bike?• Could you listen to me carefully?• • ⑤⑤ must的用法的用法: 表示必须要做的事,意为表示必须要做的事,意为“必须,必须,应该应该”must一般问句的否定回答用一般问句的否定回答用needn't或或don't have to,而不用而不用mustn't,, mustn't意为意为“不可以,不能不可以,不能”,表禁止,不许可另外,,表禁止,不许可另外,must还可表示有把握的还可表示有把握的推测,意为推测,意为“一定、肯定一定、肯定”must的过去式还是的过去式还是must• ((1).表示义务,命令或必要).表示义务,命令或必要• You must finish it before 5 o’clock.• Must I hand it in now?• ((2).表示肯定的推测:一定).表示肯定的推测:一定• She must be a pretty girl.• You must be wrong.• The hat must belong to Mary .• ⑥⑥ need的用法的用法: 作情态动词主要用于问句和否定句作情态动词主要用于问句和否定句中,意为中,意为“必要必要”。
need一般疑问句的肯定回答用一般疑问句的肯定回答用 must,否定回答用,否定回答用needn't,如:,如:Need I do it right now?肯定回答:肯定回答:Yes, you must否定回答:否定回答:No, you needn't. need作行为动词,有人称、数和时态的变化,作行为动词,有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词要加后接动词要加to do不定式 (1) 表示表示“需要,必须需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和疑问句,主要用于否定句和疑问句中• We need’n t hand in our homework now.• Need I call him for you? ((2))need引导的疑问句,肯定回答时多用引导的疑问句,肯定回答时多用must,否定,否定回答时用回答时用needn’t• Need he come? 他必须来吗?他必须来吗?• Yes, he must.是的,必须来是的,必须来• No, he needn’t.不,他不必来不,他不必来• ⑦⑦ may的用法的用法:表示允许、也许,意为:表示允许、也许,意为“可以,也可以,也许,可能许,可能”。
对对may的一般问句的回答,肯定回答一的一般问句的回答,肯定回答一般是:般是:Yes , please. / Certainly/Sure等,否定回答一般等,否定回答一般是:是:Please don't. / No,,you can't / mustn't. might是是may的过去式,与的过去式,与may用法类似,常用于过去时中;用法类似,常用于过去时中;用在疑问句中,还可表示委婉客气用在疑问句中,还可表示委婉客气•((1)表示请求、许可、可以)表示请求、许可、可以• May I ask you some questions? May we start now?•((2)表示推测说话人的猜测,认为某一事情)表示推测说话人的猜测,认为某一事情“或许或许”或或“可能可能”发生• He may be 25 years old.• We may come back in three days. • ⑧ should的用法::shall,will用来征求对方意用来征求对方意见,见,shall用于第一人称,用于第一人称,will用于第二人称用于第二人称.• 用来表示意愿;用来表示意愿;shall用于第二、第三人用于第二、第三人称,称,will用于第一人称。
用于第一人称 would, should为为will,,shall 的过去式,的过去式,would用于现在时,表示委婉提出请求、建议或看用于现在时,表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法,如法,如Would you please not do it again ? should还有还有“应该应该”的意思,但语气比的意思,但语气比must 弱弱•should意思是“应该”,表示劝告或建议(=ought to) •Who should I meet this afternoon? •You should pack your bag quickly.【【例例1】】—Where's Mr Li?I have something unusual to tell him. —You ____ find him. He____Japan. A.may not,has gone to B.may not, has been to C.can't,,has gone to D.can't, has been to Ø典型例题解析典型例题解析【例【例3】】—Where is Jack,,please? —He______be in the classroom. A.can B.need C.would D.mustC【例【例2】】 —Could I look at your pictures? —Yes,of course you _________. A. could B. can C. will D. mightBD 【【例例4】】 The boy said he had to speak English in class,, but he speak it after class. A. could B. didn't have to C. might D. shouldn't Ø典型例题解析典型例题解析B 【例【例5】】These books_________out of the reading room.You have to read,them here. A. can't take B.must be taken C.can take D. mustn't be taken D1._________I open the window?It's hot here. A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would2.Go and ask Mr Liu.He _________tell you. A.may B.can C.would D.could3._________you please tell me the time please? A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Might4.—_________I try out all the ideas? —No,you _________. A.Must, mustn't B.Need,need C.Must,don't have to D.Must,don't5._________I speak to Mr Green,,please? A.Will B.Could C.Must D.Would Ø课时训练课时训练BABCB6.He said Kate _____come to the party.But I don't think so. A.could B.might C.need D.must7.—Need I do my lessons right now? —Yes,you_________. A.need B.can C.should D.must8.—Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?—I'd love to.But I'm afraid I___.I have too much work to do. A.can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.may not9.To make our city more beautiful,,rubbish_________into the river. A.needn't be thrown B.mustn't be thrown C.can't throw D.may not throw10.Don't worry!We can get to the bus station in time and _________the early bus. A.don't miss B.can miss C.will miss D.won't miss(B)(D)(A)(B)(D)11.—Please don't make any noise in the reading room. —_________ A.Sorry,I won't. B.Sorry,I can't. C.Yes, I won't. D.OK,I didn't.12.—Must I return your digital camera tomorrow.Tina? —No,you_________. A. mustn't B.may not C. needn't D.won't13.—Would you like some more? —_________I'm full. A.Yes,please. B.I'd love to. C.No,I wouldn't. D.No,thanks.14.You_________swim in this part of the lake. It's dangerous. A. mustn't B.may not C. needn't D.won't15.—Your e-mail address again? I______quite catch it. —Hr Zhou @ . A.don't B.can't C.won't D. didn't ACADD七)七)了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的三种时态的被动语态被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法的结构形式及其基本用法 •被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 一般说来,只有需要动作对象的一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词及物动词才有才有被动语态汉语往往用被动语态汉语往往用“被被”、、“受受”、、“给给”等词来表示被动意义等词来表示被动意义 被动语态由被动语态由“be+动词的过去分词(动词的过去分词(p.p.))”构构成被动语态的时态变化只改变被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词的形式,过去分词部分不变疑问式和否定式的变化亦如此部分不变疑问式和否定式的变化亦如此•1.一般现在时的被动语态(.一般现在时的被动语态(am/ is/ are +done))•English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语世界上的许多人都说英语•Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会每周四都举行班会•The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室学生们每天都打扫教室•2.一般过去时的被动语态.一般过去时的被动语态(was/ were +done)• The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
杯子被那个男孩打碎了• He was saved at last. 他最终获救了他最终获救了• My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了我的自行车被偷了•3.一般将来时的被动语态.一般将来时的被动语态•(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)• A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲今天下午有一个演讲• A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路明年要修一条新马路• I think thousands of people will be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助我认为将有数千人得到帮助((八)了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形八)了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法式及其基本用法• 情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词; 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,动词完成,“be+过去分词过去分词”部分不变。
部分不变如如::Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石头制造桌子可由石头制造• Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造一般过去时)那时桌子可由石头制造一般过去时)• Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)(九)动词不定式的基本用法•动词不定式在句子中可充当动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表主语、宾语、表语语和和宾语补足语宾语补足语和和状语状语(包括目的状语,结(包括目的状语,结果状语和原因状语果状语和原因状语 1)作主语)作主语•To dance with you makes me happy. 和你跳舞令我高兴和你跳舞令我高兴•It is difficult to drive in the mountains. •=To drive in the mountains is difficult. 在山里开车很困难在山里开车很困难•①① 后接不定式作宾语的及物动词多是表后接不定式作宾语的及物动词多是表示示“意愿意愿”、、“企图企图”等的动词,等的动词,如:如: hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try,,promise, refuse.•I want to talk with her.我想和她谈谈。
我想和她谈谈•She has decided to go.她已决定要走她已决定要走2)作宾语)作宾语•②② 在在feel, find, think, made等动词后如等动词后如果是不定式作宾语,而补语是形容词,果是不定式作宾语,而补语是形容词,则通常用则通常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语即不定式移至形容词之后语即不定式移至形容词之后如:如:• I find it impossible to forget her.我我发现忘掉她是不可能的发现忘掉她是不可能的• He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他认为带把伞是必要的他认为带把伞是必要的•3)作表语)作表语•Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成为一名教师他的愿望是成为一名教师•Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任务是打扫教你的任务是打扫教室•4)作宾语补足语)作宾语补足语•He wants me to come earlier.他想要我来得更早些他想要我来得更早些•The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令警察命令他们转过身。
他们转过身•5)作目的状语:)作目的状语:•She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打开她打开窗子好让新鲜空气进来窗子好让新鲜空气进来•I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那儿看她了昨天我去那儿看她了•6)作结果状语:)作结果状语: He is too tired to go any further.他太累了,不他太累了,不能再走了能再走了 He is not old enough to join the army.他年龄太他年龄太小,不能参军小,不能参军•7)作原因状语:)作原因状语: 不定式跟在表示不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词的形容词之后,可以表示引起这些情感的原因之后,可以表示引起这些情感的原因• I’m sorry to trouble you.真抱歉给你带来麻烦真抱歉给你带来麻烦• I’m glad to see you.见到你真高兴见到你真高兴二、巩固练习巩固练习•一、单项选择一、单项选择•1. He had his lunch already.• A. will B. would C. has D. have•2. Mary speak English before she left for England.• A. can B. was able to C. could D. had been able to•3. I your help. I can do it myself.• A. needn’t B. don’t need to C. need D. don’t need•4. some more tea now?• A. Do you like B. Will you like• C. Would you like D. Should you likeCDDC•5. — you the book to the library?• —Yes, I borrowed another one a moment ago.• A. Do, return B. Are, returning• C. Will, return D. Have, returned•6. Don’t go to see him. He changed his mind• A. is B. was C. will D. has•7. —How many times your uncle been to Beijing?• —Twice.• A. has B. have C. does D. did•8. My boy, you talk to your father like that.• A. won’t B. hasn’t to C. shouldn’t D. has toDDAC•9. give me a cup of water, Mary?• A. Shall you please B. Will you please• C. Please you D. Please do you•10. I work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.• A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. needn’t•11. Since you are very tired, you do it today.• A. needn’t B. don’t need C. needn’t to D. not need•12. Li Li get up at 7:30.• A. used to B. used C. was used to D. uses to•13. You answer this question.• A. haven’t to B. don’t have to C. don’t need D. needn’t toBBAAB•14. It was a cold night. An old man under a chair in the park.• A. is lying B. was lying C. has lying D. will lie•15. You go with us at once.• A. need B. should C. would D. could•16. —_____I watch TV after dinner, Mum?• —No, you .• A. May; mustn’t B. May; don’t• C. May; won’t D. Must; mustn’t•17. Oh, sorry. I you in Shanghai.• A. don’t know…are B. didn’t know…were• C. don’t know…were D. haven’t known…areBAAB•18. The PRC in 1949.• A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded•19. —Is Xiao Li in the classroom?• —No, he there. I saw him in the reading room just now.• A. can’t be B. mustn’t be C. is D. needn’t•20. —Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?• — .• A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall• C. Yes, you will D. All right•21. Nobody _____ do it. Let me _____ .• A. can, try B. can’t, to try • C. can, to try D. can’t, trying•22. “ ____ you like __ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.”• A. Would, some B. Will, any • C. Could, any D. Can, someCADAA23. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _____.” A. needn’t B. may not C. can’t D. mustn’t24. “ _____ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.”A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall25. I _____ see the words on the blackboard. _____ you write a bit clearly?A. mustn’t, Can B. don’t, will C. can’t, Can D. needn’t, Could26. It’s a sunny day today. You ______ take a raincoat with you.A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can27. I’ve looked for my pen everywhere, but I ______ find it.A. couldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. didn’tCBCCA•28. “ ____ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall•29. The science book ______ good care of. A. must be take B. must take C. must be taken D. must to be taken•30. The stars _____ in the daytime. A. can’t be see B. can’t see C. can’t be saw D. can’t be seenBCD二、用红体的情态动词填空(每词只用一次)二、用红体的情态动词填空(每词只用一次)•need, needn’t, can, can’t, shall, shouldn’tmay, must, mustn’t, have to, would •1. I______show him the way,_________I?•2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I________.•3. May I keep the book for three weeks? No, you________.•4. Nobody______live without air or water.•5. You_______not worry. Everything will be all right.•6. —_______I have some chocolates now?• —No, you mustn’t.can’tmaycanneedmustshouldn’tneedn’t7. Children________be left alone.8. I______finish my homework before I go to bed.9. _____we go out for a walk? That’s a good idea.10._______you like some fish?•三、把下列句子改为被动语态三、把下列句子改为被动语态1. I saw the boy run yesterday.The boy was seen to run (by me )yesterday .2. He told me that he would come back soon.I was told (by him) that he would come back soon.shallwouldhave tomustn’t3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages. A lot of differences between the two languages can be found (by you).4. Do you water your flowers every day? Are your flowers watered (by you )every day ?5. The wind blew down the big tree last night. The big tree was blown down (by the wind )last night .6. He had not thrown the bad food.The bad food had not been thrown( by him ).四、用不定式完成下列各句四、用不定式完成下列各句1.____________________(把英语学好)(把英语学好)isn’t easy.2. I don’t have a room__________.(住)(住)3. He made the children_________.(哭)(哭) The baby is often heard__________.(哭)(哭)4. Can you tell me_______________________.(如何去那(如何去那所学校)所学校)5. There are quite many books___________.(读)(读)6. Don’t stop__________(休息)(休息)before you finish doing your homework.7. Mother wants me______________.(将来成为一位教师)(将来成为一位教师)8. We have planned________________(去打篮球)(去打篮球)tomorrow.9. The students was made_________________________.(再打扫一遍教室)(再打扫一遍教室)10. It’s important__________(友善)(友善)and helpful.To learn English wellcryto cryto live inhow to go to that schoolto readto restto be a teacher to play basketballto be kindto clean the classroom again。












