现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态在时间意义和用法上有不易区别之处.doc

现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态在时间意义和用法上有不易区别之处现对这两种时态进行对比和分析，重点是比较两者在相同或类似的句子中的区别，以及两者在同一交际场景下的不同意义 一、现在完成时表示的意义1. 时间未指明或不确定的过去动作例如：I have interviewed eight interviewees， muchquicker than scheduled．我已经面试了八个人，比原计划快多了如果仅说明“时间末指明、不确定的过去动作”所带来的结果仍不能满足交际的需要，则需要现在完成时态与一般过去时态一起使用，对当时动作的执行情况加以描述例如：－Have you consulted the directors about the present situation of electricity shortage？你和主任们讨论过近来电力短缺的问题了吗？－Yes ，（ I have．） Director Zhang and I talked over this last Saturday．是啊，上周六我和王主任讨论了2. 表示过去发生的动作，这个动作有可能现在还在重复例如：The famous scriptwriter has written strongly about life improvements to the lives of citizens. 这位著名剧作家一直以来为改善市民生活的问题执笔呐喊。

这句话的意思是“你可以看到这位剧作家现在还这么做”如果这位剧作家已经不这样做了，或者该人已经去世了，即该动作不存在重复性了，则应作如下表达：The famous scriptwriter wrote strongly about improvements to the lives of citizens．这位著名剧作家曾为改善市民生活的问题执笔呐喊3．表示近期不确定时间内的一次或重复性的动作或状态例如：I’ve been busy lately．近来我一直很忙Ryan has rung three times this morning．上午这会儿 Ryan 已经打了三次了说话人在中午前说此话）比较：Ryan rang three times this morning．今天上午 Ryan 打过三次说话人在下午或晚上说此话）二、现在完成进行时表示的意义1. 表示一个开始于过去，但现在仍在继续或者刚刚结束的动作例如：1） I’ve been waiting for an hour and the secretary ssays that I have to wait one more hour．2） I’ve been thinking it over．句 1）表明的动作是：I waited；I am waiting and I will have to wait．句 2）表明的动作是：I thought about it and Iam still thinking．或 I thought about it and now I have come to a conclusion．2．表示不间断的重复的动作。

例如：Justln hasbeen c 讪 ngMane every nightlast week．在过去的一周里， Justin 每天晚上都给 Marie 打可能还要接着打）比较： Justin has called Marie seven times in the past week．在过去的一周里，Justin 给Marie 打过 7 次带有总结的性质，表示已完成的动作或状态，不强调接着打的可能性.） I’ve been waiting a newly 一 edited copy of this dictionary．我一直以来就想要一本这部辞典的新版本此句与“I’ve wanted a newly －edited copy of this dictionarty．”的区别不大）另外，现在完成进行时与现在进行时的动作在意义上有相通之处例如：I have been working in the department store. 我一直在这家百货公司工作该动作可能是刚刚结束，也可能是一直在做，总之是描述这一段时间内的动作）I am just helping out recently in the department store，but I don’t really work here．我最近只是一直在这家百货公司帮忙，但其实我不是在这里工作的。

描述近一段时间以来的一个重复动作，或者是一个持续动作）三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时可以与时间状语连用，也可以不用时间状语这一点与现在完成时不同现在完成时通常与时间状语，如 since，ever since ，for three months，just，already,yet 等连用现在完成进行时通常与 all the（this ） morning／ afternoon／day／ month 或 the whole day 等连用试对比以下各例：I have been working on the experiment report this morning，but I haven’t completed it yet．我今天一上午都在写实验报告，可是到现在也没写完They have been repairing the broken road．他们一直在维修那条被损坏的道路可能是刚歇息下来，也可能还在修They have already repaired the broken road．他们把路修完了动作已经结束）现在完成进行时表示一种不间断的持续性行为如果表示一个重复动作，或者表示动作做过的次数时，不能用现在完成进行时。

例如：I’ve been writing letters since breakfast．I’ve written to him three times，but I haven’t heard from him up till now．笔者通过比较以下两个例句说明这两种时态的区别：－ Why haven’t you turned in your report yet？你怎么还没有交报告呀？－ I have been reading the results of the experiment all the morning． You have told us tostudy the statistics before working on the report．整个上午我都在读实验结果您告诉过我们要先研究数据再写报告以上例句中的 I have been reading…不可改为 I have read…，因为 I have been reading… 实际上表示“I was reading… and l will be reading…”这层含意又如：－ How about going out for a walk？－ I don’t feel like going out this evening．I’ve been working in the garden all day．如果在句中用 have worked，则表示 work 这个动作给 garden 带来的结果。

再如：一 Look out for the door．一 Why？－John has been painting the door． 这里用现在完成进行时，表示工作还没完成，油漆可能还没干如果用 “John has paintedthe door.”可能表示“活已干完，油漆已干”再如：What have you done with my knife？你把我的刀怎么啦？（意为：“Where is it now？）What have you been doing to it？你是怎么用我的刀的？（意为：“The blade’s all twisted．Have you been cutting wood with it？”）模块一第二单元测试（1）一、根据课文完成下列句子1. Mom and Dad arrive ______ from _________ a day earlier than ___________. The curtains are _______ and the living room is ______ when Mom and Dad _______.2. Suddenly a door ______ and a soccer ball flies _________ the room. Eric runs in after it, _________ by a big dog, _________ very slowly.3. He’s so tired _____ hungry! The money ______ which you ______ to buy dog food is ______, but Spot looks so _________! What did you ____ with the money we ______?4. Dad opens the door _____ light comes _____ the room. The room is a ______, with pizza boxes ___ the floor and dirty dishes in the _____. There are _______ of garbage and _______ paper around the ______ can.5. Listen to me, _______ man --- remember the day _____ we left you in _______? We thought you could act _____ an _______! I don’t know the reason _____ the house is so _______.6. Eric sits ___ his bed ________ at Daniel, _____ has his arms _________ and looks angry.7. We spent all ___ yesterday _________ there for him and that is _____ we had ___ time to ______ the house. Why didn’t they ask me ______ happened instead ____ shouting ____ me?8. _________ he has been refusing to do his __________, and _________ insists ___ wasting his _____ watching DVDs and __________ to foreign music.9. He also spends too ______ time in __________ cafes, ______ he either plays games ___ chats ______. He is wasting __________ time during this important ________ in his _____.10. He and my mother always ______ me do things I don’。