某小型航空发动机主燃烧室结构设计技术研究.pdf

摘 要 小型航空燃气涡轮发动机是燃气涡轮发动机的一个特殊领域，它借鉴大型发动机的研究成果和试验条件，但并非是大型发动机的缩型，而有它自身独特的设计和制造技术而作为小型航空发动机关键技术之一的燃烧室，随着小型航空发动机燃烧室的发展水平不断提高及设计要求更加严格，在设计过程中同样存在着其特殊的问题和难点 本文对小型航空发动机燃烧室结构设计技术进行了研究，并针对某小型航空发动机展开了燃烧室结构设计工作燃烧室的结构设计过程中，考虑了众多因素：结构设计的复杂性、加工工艺的可行性、材料选取的合理性、强度设计的可靠性、结构设计的合理性以及燃烧室制造的经济可承受性 针对以上设计原则，开展某小型航空发动机燃烧室的结构设计技术研究工作,研究与设计工作主要包括以下几个方面： a．燃烧室总体结构形式的研究与设计； b．燃烧室机匣传力形式的研究与设计； c．火焰筒的支承与定位方式的研究与设计； d．燃油系统的结构布局与支承定位方式的研究与设计； e．燃烧室点火方式以及点火器安装与定位结构形式的研究与设计； f．扩压器结构形式的研究与设计、燃烧室机匣的选材分析； g．火焰筒结构形式以及冷却形式的研究与设计、火焰筒的选材分析； h．离心喷嘴结构形式的研究与设计、内置式燃油总管的热防护结构设计以及燃油系统的选材分析； 根据以上设计结果，应用商业有限元软件 ANSYS 对燃烧室进行强度计算，验证燃烧室的结构设计能否满足强度与寿命的要求；应用商业软件 FLUENT 对燃烧室的流场和温度场进行三维数值模拟，验证燃烧室结构设计能否达到各项性能指标；最后通过燃烧室部件试验和发动机整机试验考核，验证燃烧室结构设计是否满足发动机设计要求。

关键词：关键词：小型航空发动机，燃烧室，结构设计，强度，数值模拟ABSTRACT The small aero-gas turbine engine is a gas turbine engine’s special domain. It profits from the large-scale engine’s development achievement and the test condition, but is by no means the large-scale engine shrinks, but has it own unique design and the technique of manufacture. But takes of a combustor of small aircraft engine key technologies, enhances unceasingly along with the small aircraft engine combustor level of development and the design requirements are getting more and more strictly, has its special problem and the difficulty similarly in the design process. This article conducts the research to the small aircraft engine combustor structural design technology, and aimed some small aircraft engine to launch the combustor structural design work. In combustor’s design work has considered the numerous factors: the complexity of structural design, the feasibility of craft, the rationality of choice material, the reliability of strength design, the rationality of structural design and the economical feasibility of the combustor manufacture. In view of the above principle of design, does some small aircraft engine combustor structural design engineering research work. The combustor structural design technology’s research and the design work mainly have the following several aspects: a. Combustor gross structure form research and design; b. Combustor’s power transmission form research and design; c. Flame tube’s support and locate mode research and design; d. Fuel system’s structural configuration and support locate mode research and design; e. Combustor ignition way and igniter’s installment and localization form research and design; f. Diffuser structural style research and design ,engine case’s material selection analysis; g. Flame tube structural style and cooling form research san design, flame tube’s material selection analysis; h. Centrifugal spray nozzle structural style research and design, built-in fuel oil main pipe’s hot safeguard structure design, fuel system’s material selection analysis; Carries on the strength calculation with the commercial finite element software ANSYS to the combustor, to validate the combustor’s structural design can satisfy the strength and the life request; carries on the three dimensional numerical simulation with the commercial software FLUENT to combustor’s flow field and the temperature field, to validate the combustor’s structural design can satisfy the design request, finally through combustor component testing and engine test inspection, Whether the confirmation combustor structural design does satisfy the engine design reques. Keywords: small aircraft engine, combustor, structural design, strength, numerical simulation 目 录 第一章第一章 绪论绪论.......................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义 .................................................1 1.2 研究趋势及国内外研究状况 .......................................5 1.2.1 研究趋势 ...................................................5 1.2.2 国内外研究状况 .............................................9 1.3 本文的研究目标及研究内容 ......................................13 第二章第二章 主燃烧室总体结构设计研究主燃烧室总体结构设计研究..................................14 2.1 燃烧室的功用及其重要性 ........................................14 2.2 燃烧室工作环境分析 ............................................14 2.3 燃烧室总体设计要求 ............................................15 2.4 燃烧室总体结构设计 ............................................16 2.4.1 小型航空发动机燃烧室主要特征 ..............................17 2.4.2 燃烧室类型选择 ............................................17 2.4.3 机匣的承力形式研究 ........................................18 2.4.4 火焰筒的安排、定位与支撑研究 ..............................21 2.4.4.1 火焰筒的安排 ............................................21 2.4.4.2 火焰筒定位与支承 ........................................22 2.4.5 喷嘴设计与总管的安排 ......................................26 2.4.5.1 喷嘴和总管的设计要求 ....................................26 2.4.5.2 喷嘴形式的选择研究 ......................................27 2.4.5.3 燃油总管的设计与安排 ....................................27 2.4.6 点火系统设计与安排 ........................................28 2.4.6.1 点火系统设计要求 ........................................28 2.4.6.2 点火方式的选择研究 ......................................29 2.4.6.3 电嘴的安排 ..............................................29 2.5 本章小结 .....。