冀教版英语中考总复习大全.pdf

初中英语中考总复习大全目 录第一篇词法.2一、名词.2二、冠词.11三、代词.17四、形容词、副词.28五、连 词.47六、介 词 .54七、数 词.70八、动 词.75第二篇句法.98一、主 要 句 式.98二、定 语 从 句.110三、常见习惯用语.115四、完形填空与阅读.129附录.144中学生英语学习常见错误一览表.144A.144B.152C.158D.165E.168F.172G.177H.1791.184J.186K.187L.188M.193N.1970.200P.202R.205S.208T.213U.217V.218W.219Y.222第一篇词法一、名词()知识概要名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法，但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来我们不妨把它分为两大类：专有名词与普通名词顾名思义，专有名词是指：个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称，如，the Great Wall,America它们是不能随意变动的而普通名词中则包括个体名词，如pen,worker它表示单一的个体人或事物；集体名词，如：family,class,team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体；物质名词，如：water,paper它表示的是一种物质，原材料；而后一种是抽象名词，如:work,time它表示着-种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到，但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。

见下表名词一览表种类专有名词London,John,the Communist Party of China普 通 名 词 类名词 nurse,boy,worker,pencil,dog,table集体名词 class,family,army,police,team,people物质名词 water,steel,glass,cotton,wood,sand抽象名词 happiness,love,work,life,courage,honest功用主语 My family is now in New York.表语 His father is a scientist.宾语 We love our great motherland.宾语补足语 He made London the base for his work.定语 The girls are making paper flowesrs.状语 The car cost him 1000 dollars.同位语 Mr Brown,a famous scientist,will come here.名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数，即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。

不可数名词不能用数字计算，所以它通常只有单数形式它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等，如：English,air,water,cotton,work可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词，所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种可数名词复数形式的构成规律是：1.般 情 况 力 口 s,如：penpens,doctor-doctors,boyboys,其读音规贝U 是在清辅音后读 s,在元音和浊辅音后读 z0如:mapmap,boy-boys.2.在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加e s,如：busbuses,class一classes,其读音为Liz o3.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,其读音为 iz4.以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，要将y 变为i 再加e s,读 作 z,如：factory一factories,country-countries,family-families.但要注意的是以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boyboys,day一days结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es,但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词，缩写词以 o 结尾的 则只加 s,如：tomatotomatoes,heroheroes;photo一photos,radio一radios,piano一pianos6.以f 或fe结尾的金词的复数形式要将f 或fe变为v 再加es,如:knifeknives,leafleaves,但有些例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs。

7.不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的，它没有规律可循，如:manmen,woman一women,child一children,foot一feet,toothteeth,mouse一mice8.单复同形的名词有：fish,sheep,deer9.单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等名词还有格的变化，其主格可作主语，宾格可作宾语还有所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s 其复数形式是s,如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加s,如：a students room,students rooms,Childrens Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家 名词的所有格要用s,：a twenty minuteswalk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，如：the capital of our country,thecolour of the flowers(-)正误辨析 误Please give me a paper.正Please give me a piece of paper.析不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词，这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了，所以造成了这样的错误，因paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类，是不可数名词。

而不可数名词要表达数量时，要用与之相关的量词来表达，hn：two pieces of paper.误Please give me two letter papers.正Please give me two pieces of letter paper.析 p叩er作为纸讲是不可数名词，而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词，如:Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.误 My glasses is broken.正 My glasses are broken.误I want to buy two shoes.正I want to buy two pairs of shoes.析 英语中glasses一眼镜，shoes鞋，trousers一裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式如果要表示一副眼镜应用a pair of glasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致如:This pair of glasses is very good.误 May I borrow two radioes?正May I borrow two radios?析以。

结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式，但如果前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加s 就可以了这样的词有zoo一zoos,piano一pianos.误This is a Mary dictionary.正This is Mary dictionary.析如名词前有指示代词this,that,these those,及其他修饰词our,some,every,which,或所有格时，则不要再加冠词误There are much people in the garden.正 There are many people in the garden.析 可数名词前应用many,few,a few,a lot o f 来修饰，而 people是可数名词，而且是复数名词，如：The people are planting trees here.误I want a few water.正I want a little water.析不可数名词前可以用a little,little,a lot of,some来修饰，但不可用many,few来修饰误 Thank you very much.Your family is very kind to me.正Thank you very much.Your family are very kind to me.误Toms and Marys family are waiting for us.正 Toms and Marys families are waiting for us.误Pm sorry.I have to go.Toms families are waiting for me.正Fm sorry.I have to go.Toms family are waiting for me.析集合名词如果指某个集合的整体，则应视为单数，如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数。

如:My family is a big family.When I came in,Tomi familywere watching TV.即汤姆-家人正在看电视这样的集合名词有：family class,team 等误 Dont eat too much meats.正 Don*t eat too much meat.误Food in that restaurant is very good.正 The food in that restaurant is very good.析物质名词是不可数名词，在使用中不可以加s,即它没有复数形式也不可加不定冠词但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词如：I don*t likedrinking coffee,but the coffee in that cup is really good.误Please give me two waters.正Please give me two glasses of water.正Please give me two coffees.析 物质名词如要加计量时，一定要加量词，如：two cups of tea,two glassesof water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread,a piece of bread,a box of sugar,a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,a bag of earth彳 列：PH tell you a piece of good news.但只有 coffee nJ.以用 coffees 来取代 many cups of coffee.误 Can you give me the newspaper of today?正 Can you give me todays newspaper?析力ITS*勾成所有格的名词一般南旨有生命的人或物。

如：Mary!s hair,但在英文的习惯用法中对时间、距离等名词的所有格多用I 来构成而不用of结构如：a five minutes1 walk.误Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.正Please make room for the lady in the school bus.析英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的，如：room为可数名词时为 房间,如：I live in Room 5.而room为抽象名词时为空间上面一句话应译为“请给老妇人在校车上留个地方 这样的词还有：glass玻璃glasses眼镜stone石头a stone 一块石头tim e时间two times两次wood木头woods树林 误 There is a flowers garden behind my house.正 There is a flower garden behind my house.析名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外，还可以用来修饰另一个名词，这时作修饰词的。