
高考英语三大从句(名词性从句定语从句状语从句)讲解练习.docx
13页本文格式为Word版,下载可任意编辑高考英语三大从句(名词性从句定语从句状语从句)讲解练习 高考英语三大从句讲解+练习(附答案) 【名词性从句】 名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语因此,名词性从句成分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句 (一)引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which有词义,在从句中承担成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等 2、连接副词:when, where, why, how有词义,在从句中承担成分,作状语 3、连接词:that, whether, if, as ifthat 无词义,在从句中不承担成分,有时可省略;if (whether), as if虽有词义, 但在从句中不承担成分 1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句主语从句通常由附属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既留存自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分例如: What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不领会 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的 It is known to us how he became a writer. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布 有时为制止句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式常用句型如下: (1)It + be + 名词 + that从句 (2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 (3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 另留神在主语从句中用来表示诧异、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 留神:连词that, whether在从句中不承担句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略。
并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if 第 1 页 共 1 页 代替 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个好玩的问题 留神:who, which, how, when, where, why在所引导的主语从句中可承担主语,宾语,状语,不能省略可以用形式主语it引导 2. 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不承担任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,其次个分句前的that不成省例如: He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经报告我他明天要去上海 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
留神:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、抉择等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”例如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作 司令员命令部队连忙启程 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应留神句子语序要用陈述语序 例如: I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他报告了你什么 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要扶助的人,她都会赋予热心的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的依次也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在以下处境下一般只能用whether,不用if: a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时 例如: Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个好玩的问题 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱 第 2 页 共 2 页 4. 留神宾语从句中的时态响应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子处境,而使用 不同时态 例如: he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时) he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时) I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时) he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时) 当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句那么要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去举行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,那么从句仍用现在时态。
例如:The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America. 3. 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导其根本布局为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句例如: The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛 那就是他为什么不到会的理由 看上去天要下雨了 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. 需要留神的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because例如: The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的概括内容。
同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等例如: The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人冲动 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了 同位语从句和定语从句的识别: that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略 试对比下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略) Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略) 第 3 页 共 3 页 5.疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的识别。
① 疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当确定的片面如: Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. ② 疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句如: Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well. ③ no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句如: No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. 6.名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致 (1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但假设从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时如: Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here。












