2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷77（附答案带详解）.docx

2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 问答题The patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.(1) Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. (2) Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. (3) Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, “The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring.” (4) But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. (5) Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback—positive and negative—about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and non-confrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient’s benefit, is whistle-blowing.【答案】答：1.Almost certainly, the medical student was stunned to hear such an answer from his supervisor.2.The inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is stopped by the hospital hierarchies, despite appearance of mistakes by supervising physicians.3.At the bottom of hierarchy were those medical students assuredly.4.But in real hospital environment, it is rather difficult for medical students to give a command.5.Medical students and residents should make regular feedback about their supervising physicians, positively and negatively at the end of their rotation.【解析】1.原文句意是：嗯，几乎可以肯定。

原文这一句是对上文的肯定，上文提到The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.（学医的学生听到他的回答很吃惊，因为她很肯定没有经过检查），所以改写的时候需要结合上文的内容来进行扩充，故改写为Almost certainly, the medical student was stunned to hear such an answer from his supervisor（几乎可以肯定的是，医学院的学生听到他的导师这样的回答感到很震惊）2.原文句意是：然而，即使这样的行为可能危及病人，但教学医院的等级制度阻碍了年轻医生发言的倾向和能力前半句是让步状语从句，并且acts can jeopardize patients指的是作为指导医生，他们的错误行为危害到病人的健康，所以可以改写为despite appearance of mistakes by supervising physicians（尽管指导医生出现了一些错误）；后半句中的hamper可以用stop来替代，所以句子改写为The inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is stopped by the hospital hierarchies, despite appearance of mistakes by supervising physicians（医院的等级制度阻止了年轻医生说话的倾向和能力，尽管指导医生出现了一些错误）。

3.原文句意是：最后，处于等级最下层的肯定是这些医学生at the bottom of the heap（在底层）指的是等级制度的底层，所以可以改写为at the bottom of hierarchy；另外who引导的定语从句是修饰强调的，所以句式可以精简，故这个句子可改写为At the bottom of hierarchy were those medical students assuredly（在等级制度的最底层肯定是那些医科学生）4.原文句意是：但在现实世界中，要爬上指挥链可能极其困难根据文章语境，in real world（在现实世界中）指的就是在医院环境中，而the chain of command（指挥链）的对象指的则是位于底层的医学生；故该句子可以改写为But in real hospital environment, it is rather difficult for medical students to give a command（但在现实的医院环境中，医学生想要得到指挥权是相当困难的）5.原文句意是：学生和住院医师现在被要求在轮班结束时对他们的指导医生提供常规的正面和负面反馈。

routine（常规的）可以改为regular（定期的，普通的）；positive and negative在原文中是作为插入语使用，所以可以改为positively and negatively；故该句可改写为Medical students and residents should make regular feedback about their supervising physicians, positively and negatively at the end of their rotation（医学生和住院医师应该在轮岗结束时，定期对他们的指导医生做出正面和负面反馈）2. 单选题Having been an office secretary for some years, she always（ ）chores in a responsible way.问题1选项A.goes onB.goes forC.goes withoutD.goes about【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析A项go on“继续”，B项go for“主张，拥护”，C项go without“没有……也行”，D项go about表示“着手做，从事”。

句意：她当了几年办公室秘书，做事总是很负责任因此D项正确3. 单选题Before the 1980s, the idea of health insurance was quite（ ）to those living in the mainland of C。