钟运峰外文翻译惠兴.doc

科技文献翻译 题 目 Reviewing the Development of Modern Landscape Architecture in America作者姓名 Hannelore Deubzer 翻译者 惠兴 所在院(系) 土 木 工 程 与 建 筑 学 院 专业班级 建 筑 102 班 指导教师 钟 运 峰 2015年03月15日 Reviewing the Development of Modern Landscape Architecture in America Writer: Hannelore Deubzer Translator： Hui Xing（Grade10,Class02,Major Architecture ，Engineering and architecture Dept，Shaanxi University of Technology，Hanzhong ，Shaanxi） Tutor: Zhong Yunfeng Abstract: Was used as a multi-purpose practice professional, modern landscape design palette of material also extends to traditional landscape design can not imagine the situation.Landscape Design Plant is no longer the dominant element of the dominant, but rather an alternative landscape materials, land, rocks, water, concrete, bricks, wood, tile, steel, plastic and glass and many naturalartificial material in the modern landscape design can be used, even the local hardware store in a form element plated frog also appears in the modern landscape works.Avant-garde in the small-scale urban garden design, almost no natural landscape materials greatly challenges the traditional definition of the limitations of the landscape. Key words: Ecological theory , Landscape art ，Design elements 1 Introduction The new century came in the end, turn of the century, a century or even millennium replace actually replaced in a flash, in this moment, the United States Modern Landscape Architecture profession has gone through an extraordinary century.In the passing away of hundred years, the United States the emergence of modern landscape architecture and development to guide the direction of modern landscape architecture, and covers almost all of the exploration.Therefore, we hope that through their review and thinking, can and enlightenment. 2 Development Industrial revolution has brought about tremendous and far-reaching changes to the 19th century, known as the "father of American landscape architecture" of the FL Olmsted and Vaux designed by British architect, New Yorks Central Park (1858) the construction, marking the ordinaryliving landscape to come.As a starting point, the landscape architecture from the path of independence, and with modern American society and the democratic process, moving from a very small selection of traditional professional into the world of human life for almost all the scales involved in the subject; in the shortshort bar for more than a century, the landscape of human experience in several dimensions greatly expanded.2.1 The expansion of the field of professional practice And ideal as a symbol of a series of city parks (1865 Thurmond Philadelphia Park, Jinshan Park, 1870 San Francisco, Chicago, 1871 South Park, etc.) and the beginning of modern landscape architecture practice, such as a pioneer in the Olmsteadinitiative, adhere to the whole land from the city and the perspective of the modern landscape architecture professional practice areas of the start location; including urban parks and green space systems, urban and rural landscape road system, residential areas, schools, real estate development and national parksplanning and design management in the broad field.With the social development and understanding of human nature continues to expand, the practice of landscape architecture and further extend to the entire field of human settlements conditions.Modern Landscape Architecture in Perspective increasingly clear that completely changed the concept of practice, of course, the traditional small-scale private gardens and garden design continue, and ecology, such as land planning, landscape protection and planning, investigation and assessment of land resources and landscape protectionmanagement of these professional practice to make the landscape architecture in a more general level and more public scale operation.Today, as a human society gradually away from the natural environment to answer, landscape architecture, construction yard will no longer be enlarged version, but a practical subject, covering almost 10,000 people and the natural environment aspects of the relationship between the practice of subject area, itstheoretical methods and social responsibility also will expand and change.2.2 clients and professional practitioners to expand American Modern Landscape Architecture from the Central Park, the already small number of people is no longer a luxury for admiration, but the general public space for physical and mental regeneration.Landscape into the lives of ordinary people, to meet the aspirations of ordinary people, it should be said that it was given to modern society an。