初中英语人教新目标九年级全册语法知识讲解（分单元编排）.doc

九年级英语上册语法知识讲解Unit 1 How can we become good learners?1.by+V-ing★“by+V-ing”结构在句子中作方式状语，常用来表示“以、靠、借助、通过、用（某种方法或手段）”而达到某种预期的目的该结构常用来回答 How do you...? 之类的问题★ 当 by 和表示交通工具的名词连用时，它与名词之间不用任何限定词，且名词用单数形式They often go to school by subway.他们经常坐地铁上学★ by,in 和 with 都可以表示“通过；借助”by 后接表示动作、行为的名词；in 表示“用某种语言；用某种材料”；with 后接表示物体或工具的名词如】You may send the book by post.你可以通过邮局把书寄出去2.提建议句式11①What/how about +doing sth.?【如】What/ How about going shopping?②Why don't you +do sth.?【如】Why don't you go shopping?③Why not +do sth.?【如】Why not go shopping?④Let's +do sth.【如】Let's go shopping⑤Shall we/I+ do sth.?【如】Shall we/ I go shopping?Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!1.宾语从句that,if 和 whether 引导的宾语从句：★ 宾语从句中连接词的选择1.由 that 引导的宾语从句：that 在从句中无词义，不作任何成分，常可省略。

如】Jenny said (that) she could finish her painting before supper.I think (that) you are right.2.由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句：if 或 whether 引导宾语从句时，一般可通用，都表示“是否”如】I don't know if / whether she still works there.I want to know if / whether there is a hospital in this street.但在下列情况下，只能用 whether，而不能用 if：（1）在 whether ...or not 或 whether or not 结构中，不能用 if如】Nobody knows whether or not it will rain.（2）在介词之后用 whether如】I'm interested in whether he likes English.★ 主从句时态的呼应当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可用各种时态；当主句是一般过去时态时，从句常用过去的某种时态。

但当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，即使主句为过去时，宾语从句仍然用一般现在时态如】He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian.Our geography teacher told 2.反义疑问句①肯定陈述句+否定提问如】Lily is a student isn't she?Lily will go to China,won't she?②否定陈述句+肯定提问如】She doesn't come from China,does she?You haven't finished homework,have you?③提问部分用代词而不用名词【如】Lily is a student,isn't she?④陈述句中含有否定意义的词【如】little,few,never,nothing,hard 等，其反意疑问句用肯定式如】He knows little English,does he?他一点也不懂英语，不是吗?3.表达“花费”1.spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间"①spend...on sth.在某事上花费（金钱、时间）②spend...doing sth.花费（金钱、时间）去做某事【如】He spends too much time on clothes.他花费太多的时间在衣着上。

花金钱）He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥花时间）2.pay 的基本用法是：① pay(sb.)money for sth.花费钱（给某人）买② pay for sth.付……的钱③ pay for sb.替某人付钱④ pay sb.付钱给某人⑤ pay money back.还钱⑥ pay off one's money.还清钱如】① I pay 10 yuan for the book.我花了 10 元买这本书② I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款③ Don't wory! I'll pay for you.别担心，我会给你付钱的④ They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬3.take 后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：① It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间② doing sth.takes sb.+时间，做某事花了某人多少时间如】① It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。

② Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车4.cost 的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示”值”，常见用法如下：① sth.costs(sb.）+金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱② (doing)sth.costs(sb).时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间注意：cost 的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句如】① A new computer costs a lot of money.一台新电脑要花一大笔钱②Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词Unit 3 Could you please tell mewhere the restrooms are?1.宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句1.由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 等引导，不能省略如】Do you know who he is?2.由连接副词 how, where, when, why 引导， 也不可省略。

如】I don't know where I can buy this kind of camera.3.宾语从句用陈述句语序，即：连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他4.主句与从句的时态关系：(1) 如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以是根据情况所需要的任何时态如】I don't know when she came here.Can you tell me when he will come here?(2) 如果主句是过去的时态，从句也应用过去时态的某一种但若从句是表示客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句时态的限制，应用一般现在时如】He told us why he would stay at home the next day.The teacher explained how the earth goes around the sun.5.某些由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句可改为含“特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构的简单句如】Can you tell me where I can buy this book? → Can you tell me where to buy this book?2.语态① 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者② 被动语态的构成由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样。

③ 被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态3.倒装句由 so+助动词（be/do/will/have)情态动词+主语 意为：…也是一样【如】She is a student.So am I.她是一个学生，我也是She went to school just now.So did I.她刚才去学校了，我也是She has finished the work.So have I.她已经完成了工作，我也完成了She will go to school.So will he.她将去学校，他也是4.程度副词程度副词：always 总是usually 经常 sometimes 有时never 从不【如】I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.我总是经常/有时/从不上学迟到Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.1.used to 的用法used to 是一个固定结构，意为“过去经常；以前常常”，其后接动词原形它表示过去存在某种状态或者过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作。

★ 其用于肯定句的结构为：主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他如】I used to play ping-pong with my brother.过去我常常和我哥哥一起打乒乓球★ 其用于否定句的结构为：主语 + didn't +use to+ 动词原形如】You didn't use to like action movies.你过去不喜欢动作片★ 其用于一般疑问句的结构为：Did + 主 语 + use to+ 动词原形 + 其他? 【如】Did your sister use to be shy? 你的妹妹过去害羞吗？【辨析】be used to (doing) sth 意为“习惯于(做)某 事”，to 后可接名词、代词或动名词如】The students are used to the new teacher now.学生们现在习惯这个新老师了They are used to raising their hands first when they want to ask questions.他们习惯了问问题前先举手2.if 引导条件状语从句★ if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气，通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。

★ if 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。